Students of Hotel Management Department as ESP Learners

24 Materials development itself has given useful assistance for teachers and learners in attaining the goal and objectives of a specific purpose. Thus, the process of developing materials should be well organized in order to generate the expected learning outcome. According to Jolly and Bolitho 1998: 98 in Tomlinson 1998, developing materials consists of several steps as illustrated as following: Figure 2: Jolly and Bolitho’s Materials Development Process 1998: 98 in Tomlinson 1998 The model of materials development process consists of seven steps. It starts with the needs analysis for the first four steps can be categorized into needs analysis. It is used as the instrument to collect information about the learners and the results will be the basis on developing the materials. After the materials have been developed, the materials are then evaluated by some experts. 25 Further, Nunan 1988 in Tomlinson 2003 states that there are six principles of materials design: 1 Materials should be clearly linked to the curriculum they serve. 2 Materials should be authentic in terms of texts and tasks. 3 Materials should stimulate interaction. 4 Materials should encourage learners to focus on formal aspects of the language. 5 Materials should encourage learners to develop skills, and skills in learning. 6 Materials should encourage learners to apply in their developing skills to the world beyond the classroom. In addition, Richards 2001: 261 states four advantages of developing materials. The first advantage is relevance. The materials will tend to be more relevant for students and institutional needs and reflect the local content, issues, and concerns. The second is develop expertise. In the process of developing materials, the other staffs of language course will be exposed various challenges that allow them to have exercise and experience. It will give them great understanding of the characteristics of good materials and improve their expertise in designing good materials. The next is reputation. By providing appropriate materials for the students in the teaching- learning process, it will show the commitment to the language teaching- learning itself. At last, there is flexibility. After the materials have been developed, it can be revised or adapted as much as necessary, making them as flexible as possible comparing to general textbooks. As the discussion above, materials development can be concluded as the efforts made by the writers, teachers, or learners to provide sources of language input in order to create units and lessons within those units to carry out the objectives of the course. Also, the principles of materials design focus on how the