29 questionnaire, and interviews. The researcher conducted the preliminary study
twice to know the classroom situation. In the first ob servation, the researcher used the
field note to describe the classroom’s situation. In the second observation, the researcher used the
students’ participation checklist. Then, the researcher distributed a questionnaire and conducted interviews with the teacher and three
students. The researcher randomly chose the three students after conducting the observation. The following explanation gave the detail of each instrument.
a. Field Notes
The researcher used a field note to describe the situation in the teaching and learning process. The researcher noted the important things occurred in the
class. Besides, the researcher explained the problems which ware found in class VII.10.
b. Students’ Participation Checklist
Based on the observation results, the researcher concluded five aspects of st
udents’ participation which occurred in the class VII.10. They were 1 reading the text loudly 2 asking question about text to friends 3 sharing about text to
friends 4 answering questions in the worksheet 5 asking questions related to the materials to the teacher.
The students’ participation checklist was presented as follows:
30
Table 3.1 Sample of Students’ Participation Checklist
Students Number
Participation Aspects A
B C
D E
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 30.
Total
c. Questionnaire
The researcher distributed a questionnaire to 30 students to know the class background. It consisted of two open questions: 1 What factors make the
students participate or not participate in the classroom during English teaching and learning process? 2
What is the students’ opinion about the class situation
during English teaching and learning process? d. Inte rvie ws
The researcher interviewed the students and the teacher to ensure the problem about students’ participation occurred in the English teaching and
learning process. The researcher randomly chose three students of class VII.10 after conducting the second observation.
The question covered ten open-ended questions. They were 1 What is the students’ feeling about English subject? 2 What did the students learn in the
beginning of even semester? 3 How does the teacher deliver the material? 4 Do the students like to ask the teacher in the teaching and learning process? 5 Do
the students like to answer questions from the teacher? 6 Do the students pay
31 attention to the teacher? 7 Do the students do the task from the teacher in the
class? 8 Do the students like a discussion activity? 9 How is the students’ participation in the class? 10 How is the classroom situation?
The researcher also interviewed the English teacher of class VII.10 to know the class background. There were seven open-ended questions: 1 What is
the teacher’s opinion about class VII.10? 2 How is the classroom situation in the teaching and learning process? 3 Is there any active student? 4 Do the students
like to ask questions to the teacher? 5 Do the students like a discussion activity? 6 Is there any difficulty in teaching the students of class VII.10? 7 Are all
students active in the class? Kvale 1983, p.174 defines, the qualitative research interview as an
interview, whose purpose is to gather descriptions of the life-world of the interviewee with respect to interpretation of the meaning of the described
phenomena as cited in Opdenakker, 2006.
2. The Implementation of the Jigsaw Technique Instruments
