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24 individuals or groups. What the writers designs includes in this point because she
combines all media from point 1-4 into this educative game for children. The designed game uses stimulation devices because there are pictures, sounds, and
moving pictures with sounds that are put in the game itself. Similar to Kemp classification of media which are quoted by Rohani
1997:16 that media classification is grouped into eight classifications, those are: printed media, display media, overhead transparencies, audiotape recording, slide
series and filmstrips, multi-image presentations, video recordings and motion picture film, and the last is computer based instruction. This computer based
instruction is the media that is used in this study.
4. Computer-Game
The media that is used is computer. The computer is installed by the designed game. As the designer, it is important to know about computer game
before designing and developing a computer game, includes the pro-cons of using computer game and game for children.
a. Pro-cons of the use of game as a teaching media
Many people think negatively about students who like playing games. “It really happens because gamers mostly become addicted. Too much time that is
spent to play games can disturb the school, work, and social life. That is the reason why online games are often equated with people who gamble because both
of them are addictive .” Van Rooij, 2011, p.97. However, this addiction to games
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25 can be a
„tool‟ for teachers to enhance students‟ literacy skill. By playing interesting games which are full of pictures and colors, it can activate children‟s
left and right brain well. Video games are very engaging and elicit constant activity in which an
individual must control every aspect of a characters in order to see what happens next in the story line, and make decision along the way on what he or she is going
to do next Kolko Figueroa, 1985. Relating this theory to the theory of children‟s characteristics, the writer finds that there is a relation between games
and in general characteristics where students do trial and errors to find out what happens in the next level. They also use their mental characteristics of curiosity to
keep trying solving the problem in the game.
b. Educative game for children
APE Alat Permainan Edukatif berbasis Komputer or game-based-
computer is the learning source with high technology for children. It does not develop the children‟s motoric sensor, but children are demanded to have the skill
of being reflective between eyes and hands. Children should react quickly through the coordination of eyes and hands in order to get the reaction of pressing the
button. According to Gardner which is cited Prihantoro 2013, playing game-
based-computer for teaching vocabulary can activate linguistic and visual-spatial intelligences. It develops the linguistic intelligence because they learn language in
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26 that game. It develops the visual-spatial intelligence because they learn using
pictures and space. They learn language by recording what they see in the pictures on the screen and redraw it again. They are able to share their ideas in speaking,
reading, and writing. Designing a game for children should consider many things. It should be
appropriate for their development stages. Children from age 0-6 have the sense of linguistics. In that age, they are very easy to absorb and understand the meaning
and grammatical rules of words. They are also easier to pronounce the words because their tongues are still elastic, so it can be exercised easily. It should be
safety. It is not harmful for their physical or psychological development. It is fun. It should be developed some certain intelligence.
5. Macromedia Flash Software
