21
21 definitions, media is a real tool which can be a mediator to convey the materials
from the teacher to the students. It activates students‟ interests by using visual or auditory imagery. This aim is to give stimulus for the students to learn better
using that physical electronics. Another benefit from using media is by improving
the player‟s moods, promote the relaxation and ward off anxiety. Media especially computer is used to
give the solution when students are bored with the usual activities in the classroom. Therefore, it can increase the moods of the students at that time. They
are like having something to “play with” if there are computers around them. The freedom of using media in the classroom activity for every student leads the
students to be independent learners by practicing something. Since media used is wide, media plays essential roles for language
teaching. Soeparno 1988 stated that language teaching media is a tool to communicate message or linguistic information in the cognitive, affective,
psychomotor field from information sender to information receiver. Language teaching media is aimed to make the information can be understood by the
receiver.
b. Types of Media or Teaching Aids
Types of media or teaching aids have developed. Teaching aids follows the technology development. According to Seels and Richey in Arsyad 2002:29,
teaching aids can be categorized into four categories.
22
22 The first one is Visual aid. These aids appeal to someone‟s sight only.
These media are more realistic. It gives the real imagery. It is divided into two parts: non projected and projected visual aids. Non-projected visual aids are
divided into four other types, those are: graphics, board display, charts and posters, and study prints. Graphics uses a set of illustrations other than pictures of
reality. It is usually based on the data that is gained to be presented. It has connection with number and progress of something. Board display uses the
elements for building up concepts on felt or magnetic boards. It displays something to be seen by the readers on a board. This is a concrete media that can
be used in a classroom activity. Charts and posters are a set of media that can attract students‟ attentions a lot. Posters usually are colorful and have many
pictures on it. It makes this media is very interesting when the teacher decides not to use projection visual aids. The last is study prints. It is a set of photographs or
printed illustration of reality, mounted on cards. It is like handouts for students. The students will have a hardcopy of papers to learn. The materials of the learning
activities are collected there. Projected visual aids provide pictures using projectors to give the better
and factual image of the materials using pictures. The difference between projected and non-projected visual aids is in the object. The object in project
visual aids cannot be touched because it is displayed in a viewer. Projected visual aids are divided into two parts; those are still pictures and moving pictures
without sound. Still pictures here use a set of 35mm slides in color, film strips,
23
23 and overhead projectors OHP materials. Pictures are displayed using OHP in a
screen. Moving pictures without sound use 8mm and super 8mm movie or 16mm movie. The media is better than the first one because the pictures can move. Those
pictures can give the closer image to the thing that is learned through the picture itself.
The second category is auditory aids. This teaching aids or media is using audio to convey the message. These teaching aids appeal to someone‟s sense of
hearing. The learners use their hearing sense to learn. This media can be in the form of sound on cassette tape, script for simulated or actual radio broadcasts, and
language laboratory programs. The third is audio-visual aids. These aids appeal to someone‟s sight and hearing sense. Following the development, this media that
has been started using pictures and then continued by the audio, pictures lately is combined with the sound to make the better imagery for the users. Those are slide
or tape programs, film strip, sound movies, scripts for TV broadcasts, and video- taped programs.
The forth is stimulation devices. It is a set of the real objects such as minerals, biological specimens, etc. This gives the clearer image because three
dimensional here means there are the weights, heights, and the depth. This can give the exact image for all people who use this media. People will understand
better. This is the latest version of teaching aids that combine all media from point 1-3 above. Those examples are multi-media or stimulation kit for individual
or group use, resources for a museum display, and simulation game for
24
24 individuals or groups. What the writers designs includes in this point because she
combines all media from point 1-4 into this educative game for children. The designed game uses stimulation devices because there are pictures, sounds, and
moving pictures with sounds that are put in the game itself. Similar to Kemp classification of media which are quoted by Rohani
1997:16 that media classification is grouped into eight classifications, those are: printed media, display media, overhead transparencies, audiotape recording, slide
series and filmstrips, multi-image presentations, video recordings and motion picture film, and the last is computer based instruction. This computer based
instruction is the media that is used in this study.
4. Computer-Game
