48
Variabel Independen Variabel Dependen
Based on the description above, it can be explained as the following framework:
Figure 2.1
Indonesia stock exchange BEI
Change on BoC X
1
Audit Opinion Previous Year X
5
Change on BoD X
2
Good Corporate
Governance
Going Concern Audit
Opinion Y Leverage X
4
Real Estate and Property Companies
Independent Commissioner X
3
Effect of Good Corporate Governance, Leverage, and Previous Year Audit Opinion Towards Going Concern Audit Opinion
Analysis of Results Conclusions, implications and suggestions
1. Descriptive Analysis
2. Overall model fit
3. Nagelkerke R square
4. Hosmer and lemeshow test
5. The classification table
6. The result of logistic regression and
hypothesis test
�� � � ��� :
� �
49
D. Variables and Hypothesis Formulation
1. BoC Towards Going Concern Audit Opinion
Research on the effects of changes to the central bank going concern audit opinion conducted by Petronila 2007. In Petronila research
2007, showed that the central bank changes significantly influence the going concern audit opinion and have a positive parameter values.
This means that if an entity making a change or replacement of Board of Commissioner, it is possible that the entity obtaining high going
concern audit opinion than there are no change of BoC in the entity. H
01
: BoC changes does not affect the going concern audit opinion. H
a1
: BoC changes affect the going concern audit opinion.
2. BoD Towards Going Concern Audit Opinion
Research on the BoD changes previously made by Petronila 2007 and Parker et. al. 2005. Based on the research results Petronila
2007, BoD changes affect the going concern audit opinion, but its parameters are negative. If there is a change in an entity BoD, then the
possibility of obtaining entity going concern audit opinion is smaller if the entity does not change BoD. Parker et. al. 2005 suggested that
auditors have a tendency two times more likely to give a going concern audit opinion in case of replacement of Chief Executive Officer CEO
or the Board of Directors. With the replacement of CEO will reduce the chance of the company to survive during periods of financial
difficulty Petronila, 2007: 132.
50 H
02
: BoD changes does not affect the going concern audit opinion. H
a2
: BoD changes affect the going concern audit opinion.
3. Independent Commissioner Towards Going Concern Audit
Opinion
Research on the independent commissioner toward going concern audit opinion conducted by Linoputri 2010. Linoputri 2010 to
measure these variables with the percentage of the number of independent directors in the board of commissioners as compared to
the number of commissioners. His research showed that the proportion of independent directors in the board member did not affect the
administration of going concern audit opinion by the auditor with a positive parameter values. Research on the independent commissioner
of the going concern audit opinion conducted by Ramadhany 2004. In Ramadhany research 2004, the presence of independent directors
on the audit committee does not affect the auditor in providing a going concern audit opinion with negative parameters. This research is
consistent with research conducted by Rahayu 2007 that the presence of independent directors on the audit committee does not affect the
going concern audit opinion. Meanwhile, research Parker et. al. 2005 showed that the independent board members affect the administration
of going concern audit opinion. Parker et. al. 2005: 20 states that the auditor at the size of the independent board members as a sign of the
possibility of increasing the companys ability to maintain its business
51 continuity, independent board members more effectively make the
company out of a difficult period, thereby reducing the possibility of the company received a going concern opinion.
H
03
: Independent commissioner does not affect the going concern audit opinion.
H
a3
: Independent commissioner affect the going concern audit opinion.
4. Leverage Towards Going Concern Audit Opinion
Much research has been done on the effect of leverage on going concern audit opinion. Research Rudyawan and Badera 2009 showed
that the leverage which measured by the ratio of debt to total assets does not affect the going concern audit opinion with a negative
parameter values. This means that the greater the leverage ratio of a company, then it is likely the company obtained the going concern
audit opinion was getting smaller. This research is consistent with research Januarti and Fitrianasari 2008 as measured by debt to equity
ratio and Setiawati and Agoes 2005, which uses the same calculations. This means that the leverage ratio is less considered in
providing the auditor going concern audit opinion. H
04
: Leverage does not affect the going concern audit opinion. H
a4
: Leverage affect the going concern audit opinion.
