given several questions about their learning English and their learning strategies based on their experience. The participants for the interview were derived from
two classes. The participants were chosen randomly by the help of headclass of the two classes. The result of the interview was recording and later would be
transcribed for the easiness of data analysis.
E. Data Types
There were two types of data; these were numeric data and linguistic data. These data were obtained using the instruments that had been mentioned in the
previous part. Numeric data obtained through questionnaire whilst linguistic data obtained through interview.
Both numeric and linguistic data were used to present information that would answer the research question. Numeric data were in the form of the result
of the questionnaire that had been processed using SPSS 16.0 Data Editor for windows. Numeric data would enlist mean, frequency, percentage and standar
deviation for each part on the questionnaire, whilst linguistic data were in the form of interview transcript.
F. Data Analysis
The quantitative data were analyzed using statistical inference technique as Sturrman in Cohen 2000: 190 explains it. This technique was suited in analyzing
quantitative data. The quantitative data would be processed first using SPSS Data Editor 16.0 for windows computer programme and later been analyzed. On the
other hand, Sturrman in Cohen 2000: 190 explains that deep analysis technique was used in analyzing the journalistic data like interview transcripts.
G. Validity
Denzin 1994: 295 claims that truth value becomes almost circular, whilst without validity, there is no truth, and without truth, there is no claim of validity.
The trustworthiness of this research would be based on the degree on the validity. As this study employs mixed-method, then the best suited validity were internal
validity and external validity as Cohen 2000: 107 states that both qualitative and quantitative methods could address internal and external validity.
1. Validity in Quantitative Research
This part would mainly discussed validity for quantitative research. Newman and Benz 1998:34 state that design validity for quantitative
research traditionally has been addressed through the concepts of internal and external validity.
a. Internal validity
Newman and Benz 1998: 33 define internal validity as the extent to which any causal difference in the dependent variable can be attributed
to the independent variable. Further, he explains that internal validity as the extent that they are observing and measuring what they think they are.
Cohen 2000:107 claims that internal validity seeks to demonstrate that the explanation of a particular event, issue, or set of data which a piece of
research provides can actually be sustained by the data. He adds that the finding must accurately describe the phenomena being researched. Based
on the claims above, then it could be concluded that the extent of internal validity was the research must be able to explain what was being
