strategies from freshmen students of English department of State University of Yogyakarta.
e. Evaluative validity
Maxwell in Cohen
et al
. 2000:107 argues evaluative validity as the application of an evaluative framework, judgemental of that which was
being researched, rather than a descriptive, explanatory or interpretive one. The judgements were formulated based on the data taken from the
real situation without any changes or treatments where this study was conducted. The interpretations came from own opinion supported by some
theories that have been mentioned in the previous part. The interpretations of the data were made by considering other similar research.
H. Reliability
In order to raise the degree of reliability, triangulation method was used. Denzin in Cohen
et al
. 2000:113 mentions six types of methodological triangulations, they are: 1 time triangulation, 2 space triangulation, 3
combined level of triangulation, 4 theoretical triangulation, 5 investigator triangulation and, 6 methodological triangulation. Three out of six types of
triangulation which suited this study were used. They were 1 space triangulation, 2 theoretical triangulation, 3 investigator triangulation.
1. Space triangulation
The quantitative data were collected from five different classes of English education study programme at Faculty of Languages and Arts
State University of Yogyakarta year 2014, whilst qualitative data were
collected from seven students from two different classes.
2. Theoretical triangulation
The data would be analyzed using the theories from some experts based on the theories presented in the previous part. The data would
also be presented in both statistical and journalistic data analysis.
3. Investigator triangulation
The data were analyzed with the help of the supervisor. The supervisor was Mrs. Ella Wulandari, M.A. as she was the second consultant.
Some opinions and advices from the supervisor would be used in the data analysis process.
I. Research Procedure
The research procedure would be discussed in this section. As this study
employed mixed- method, the process of the research followed Cresswellâs 2003
theory. Cresswell 2003:213 proposes mixed-method procedure that divided into three sequential strategies. Of the three types, the first sequential strategy was
chosen. The sequential design could be seen in the following figure.
Figure 7. Sequential Explanatory Strategy The sequential explanatory design was chosen as the priority of the research was
typically given to the quantitative data. Cresswell 2003:215 mentions that the purpose of the sequential explanatory design typically is to use qualitative result
QUANTITATIVE
qualitative
QUAN data
collection QUAN
data analysis
qual data
collection qual
data analysis
Interpretation of entire
analysis
