Single-Word Code-Switching The Types of Code-Switching

29 switching. Sentence code-switching could be determined by followed and preceded Indonesia sentences. The table 4.4 implied the number of cases in each category of each novel. Table 4.4 Number of Cases of Sentence Code-Switching No Novel Number of Cases 1 Jepun Negerinya Hiroko 7 2 Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang 1 The Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had more cases of sentence code- switching than Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel. This novel had seven cases of sentence code-switching. There were three examples of sentence code- switching in the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel. 1 . “ Welcome to our country Japan, Mam ,” kata lelaki itu dengan tekanan yang jelas asing. Jepun Negerinya Hiroko , p. 8 2. Lalu dia menoleh kepadaku meneruskan dengan nada suara lain, “ I am sorry, Dini …” Jepun Negerinya Hiroko , p. 309 3. “ Then you have to behave like a lady ” suara Yves lantang menembus kelengangan jalan. Jepun Negerinya Hiroko , p. 310 The second novel, Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang , only had one case of sentence code-switching. The sentence code- switching was “I don’t have any shower, so you have to pour the water directly from the small bucket to your body . ” kataku. Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang, p. 123 30

5. Integrated Loanwords Code-Switching

The fifth type of code-switching was integrated loanwords. This type of code-switching usually combined English word with Indonesia affixes, such as – nya, meng-, di-, and -ku . This sort of code-switching was not much found in articles. Moreover, the number of integrated loanwords found in two novels was represented by table 4.5. Table 4.5 Number of Cases of Integrated Loanwords Code-Switching No Novel Number of Cases 1 Jepun Negerinya Hiroko 2 2 Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang - The Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had more integrated loanwords code- switching cases than Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel. There were two cases of integrated loanwords in the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel. Those cases were shown in the following example. 4 . “Pengaturan bangunan, rumah makan, dan café -nya sama seperti di jalan-jalan kota negeri itu.” Jepun Negerinya Hiroko , p. 5 5. “Siang itu Tuan Hoo berjanji akan menjadi supplier - ku.” Jepun Negerinya Hiroko , p. 60 The second novel was Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang . In this novel, there were no cases of integrated loanwords code-switching.

6. Diglossic Code-Switching

The fifth or the last type of code-switching was diglossic code-switching. Diglossic code-switching includes all linguistic units as a conversation or story