To express some words which did not have Indonesian terms

37 cases in those two novels were decreased year by year. Nh. Dini used more single- word code-switching SW in her Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel more often than in the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel. It could be seen from the table 4.10 that the single-word code-switching cases decreased 80 cases by 11 years. The second was phrase code-switching PH. The Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had 31 cases of phrase code-switching PH, while the second novel, Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang , had 32 phrase code-switching cases PH. It means that phrase code-switching PH increased by 11 years, although it was only a case. In clause code-switching CL, the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had a case of clause code-switching CL. On the other hand, the researcher could not find any clause code-switching CL cases in the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel. Therefore, the researcher concluded that during 11 years, clause code-switching CL cases in Nh. Dini‟s two editions of the Memory Series novels decreased and disappeared anymore. The next was sentence code-switching. The Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had seven cases of sentence code-switching SN, while the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel only had one case. It means that during 11 years, sentence code-switching SN cases decreased. In integrated loanwords code-switching, the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had two cases of integrated loanwords code-switching IL. On the other hand, the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel did not have any integrated loanwords code-switching IL cases. It could be concluded that integrated 38 loanwords code- switching IL cases in Nh. Dini‟s two editions of the Memory Series novel decreased and disappeared anymore during 11 years. The last type of code-switching was diglossic code-switching DG. The Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had no diglossic code-switching DG case. The same case also happened in the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel. This novel also did not have any diglossic code-switching case. It means that this type of code- switching was unpopular to Nh. Dini‟s writing style. Overall, the researcher found that the Jepun Negerinya Hiroko novel had more code-switching cases than the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang novel. The finding was based on some evidences. The setting of place and the characters in the novels influence the code- switching cases found in Nh. Dini‟s novels. The Jepun Negeriya Hiroko had more code-switching cases because the setting of place in the novel was mostly abroad, in Japan. Besides, the characters in the novel were mostly multilingual, therefore they tend to use code-switching in their utterances. On the other hand, the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang had fewer code-switching cases because the setting of place in the novel was in Semarang, Indonesia. The characters in the Pondok Baca Kembali ke Semarang were also indigeneous people who rarely switched their utterances to English.

2. The Development of the Reason for Using Code-Switching in Nh. Dini’s

Novels Previously, the researcher stated that she used an approach based on the theory proposed by Crystal 1987 in determining the reason of code-switching.