The Nature of Writing

17 Brown 2007 suggested that the drafting proces goes to the step of writing the first draft adapting the freewriting technique. After exploring ideas, students put the ideas into paragraph form, keep in mind how showing and using facts makes writing powerful and convincing. Their task here is to discover how they can best express their ideas in the clearest manner possible so that the readers will receive the intended message with the same topic. According to Brown 2007, peer editing is a process of sharing what the students has written with others as the readers.The peers can respond to ideas, organization and style, even see if the students writers have been successful in conveying the intended meaning. This information feedbak is useful to improve writing. In the process revising the students go through several steps of revision to make their compositions the best they can be Brown, 2007. At this point, they reconsider what they have composed, learn the classmates feedback they agreed on, and then make changes. Doing the correction, they can eliminate unnecessary or irrelevant information, make additions of idea, even change the order of composition. Once they have made the necessary changes in their paper, they can rewrite it legibly. After rewriting, they go over the paper carefully to check if the language sounds correct and if the message seems complete and understandable. They then finally submit their composition to the teacher. 18

d. Elements of Writing

This study performs error categorization. The researcher needs the theories related to elements of writing as sources to categorize and analyze the errors on Report texts produced by the ninth year students of SMP N 2 Yogyakarta. There are elements that should be considered in writing. Tribble 1996 divides the elements into five in terms of content, organization, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. Some experts provide definitions of the five elements of writing. According to Zimmerman 1992, content displays all the necessary information incorporated in the writing, whereas, organization refers to the movement of arguments and the connectedness or ,logical links between the ideas. Stanley 1991 defined that grammar as a set of rules. It is the structure of our language, a field which merits study and invites analysis. Bram 1995 stated that vocabulary become the basic tool for writing. The words carry meaning; wrong words certainly do not get the writers messages across. An English word often has more than one meaning. The meaning of a word depends on the context. One reliable source to select the word choice in context is to consult a comprehensive dictionary that provides a lot of useful details about words listed alphabetically. Brown 2007 argues if there are problems in mechanics, such as spelling and punctuation, the readers may not enjoy reading. The meaning which writers want to convey may be differently perceived by the readers. As stated above, Tribble 1996 classified the elements into five which is elaborated in evaluative checklist. These five elements become the guidelines for