Purpose of the Study Contribution of the Study

2472 and the educated. Model of e-learning with Dick and Carey approach can be used in all level of education elementary, secondary, and higher educati on.

CHAPTER II  THEORETICAL REVIEW

2.1 Literature Review

There are many terminologies in today‘s education realm that have nearly the same connotations, namely web-base learning, online learning, computer-based learning and distance learning Effendy, 2005. Electronic learning e-learning is a special combination of technology, especially informatics and education Setiawan, 2005. According to Thompson 2000, ―E-learning is instructional content of learning experiences delivered or enabled by electronic technology.‖ He suggested that the most important elements of e-learning are its contents and delivery by using information technology. In addition, Thompson expressed e -learning advantages of capable of providing flexibility, interactivity, speed and vis ualization through a variety of respective technological advantages. E -learning would be more effectively utilized by using a more extensive computer network of the Internet. E-learning system using the Internet is also called Internet- enabled learning Nurhayati et al. 2008. Instructional materials are critical factors in developing e -learning materials. Consequently, a basic and clear principle of development is required. In doing so, a principle of Instructional Design can be used 2473 Setiawan, 2005. Instructional Design is used to design, develop, evaluate, and refine an e-learning for higher education Siragusa, 2008. There three 3 criteria for optimal utilization of the Internet technology in delivering learning Rosenberg, 2001: 1 e -learning is a network with capability of updating, retaining, distributing, and allocating instructional material or information; 2 transmission to end -users through computer by means of standard Internet technology; 3 focus on broadest view on learning behind traditional learning paradigm. In instructional designs, there are voluminous models that can be used to compose e-learning-based instructional materials Botturi, et al. 2008; Herridge, 2004. Among those models are a Morrison, Ross and Kemp who tend to class orientation, b Seels and Glasgow who tend to outcome, and c Dick and Carey who do not only orient to class and outcome but also overall system. Additionally, instructional skills in the selected models are required to be applicable to all levels low, medium, and high. Differences of the three models can be found in Appendix 1a and 1b. In general, model of Dick and Carey underlying this research uses system of outlining overall learning processes in composing smaller parts, starting from determination of instructional purposes to its evaluation Dick,

1990. Model of Dick and Carey design can be found in Appendix 2.

Attitude building in Dick and Carey‘s model represents learners who are expected to have comprehension before entering e -learning