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5 a general educational level of extra-linguistics goals language learning within the school curriculum
Further, Richard and Rodgers 2001 stated that particular objectives for CLT could not be defined. It was because the approach was assumed as language
teaching. It would reflect the particular needs of the target learners p. 163.
c. Procedure
Finocchiaro and Brumfit conveyed the lesson outline for teaching using CLT approach as cited in Richards Rodgers, 2001, pp. 170-171. They were:
1 Brief presentation of a dialog or several mini dialogs 2 Oral practice of each utterance of the dialog segment
3 Questions and answers based on the dialog topics and situation itself 4
Questions and answers related to the students’ personal experiences 5 Study one of the basic communicative expressions in the dialog
6 Learner discovery of generalizations or rules underlying the functional expression or structure
7 Oral recognition, interpretative activities 8 Oral production activities
9 Copying of the dialogs or mini-dialogs 10 Sampling of the written homework assignments
11 Evaluation of learning
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d. Teacher Roles
Breen and Candlin described teacher roles in CLT approach as cited in Richards Rodgers, 2001, p. 167. They were:
1 Facilitating the communicative process with students in the classroom. 2 Acting as an independent participant within the teaching-learning group.
3 Representing and arising the objectives of the first role.
e. Learner Roles
Breen and Candlin revealed learner roles in CLT approach as cited in Richards Rodgers, 2001, p. 166. They were:
1 As the negotiator, between the learning process and materials. 2 As the contributor which requires students to gain and to comprehend the
materials. Here, students should be active in learning process in their interdependent way.
From the theories above, the researcher made the design according to principles of CLT. It aimed to help students comprehend the English writing
materials which were designed based on CLT approach.
4. School-Based Curriculum
According to Muslich 2007, School-Based Curriculum KTSP 2006 was an operational curriculum arranged and conducted at each level of school p. 17.
He stated that KTSP was different from Competence-Based Curriculum KBK which the operational was arranged by the government. Competence standard and
