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C. Research Participants
The research participants were divided into two parts. They were the participants of research and information collecting and the participants of
preliminary field testing. 1. The Participants of Research and Information Collecting
The participants in this design were the tenth grade students of SMA Sang Timur Yogyakarta in academic year 20112012. The participants were thirty
students from two classes namely class X1 and class X2. 2. The Participants of Preliminary Field Testing
In this evaluation survey, the researcher needed two English teachers of SMA Sang Timur Yogyakarta and one English lecturers of the English Language
Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University to be the post-design participants. The participants were chosen to give opinions and evaluation toward
the design that the researcher made. Their participations helped the researcher to revise and to improve the designed English writing materials through the feedback
the participants gave. The format of the description of the participants in preliminary field testing was presented in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: The Description of the Participants of Preliminary Field Testing blank
Group of Participants
Gender Educational
Background Teaching Experience
in year F
M S1
S2 S3
1-5 6-10
11-15 16-20
English Teacher English Lecturer
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D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
This section had two essential parts to discuss. They were research instruments part, in which the researcher discussed instruments which were
employed in this study and data gathering technique part, which helped the researcher to explain how the data could be synthesized.
1. Research Instruments
In order to obtain the valid data for this study, the researcher used instruments. The following were the instruments used in this study and how the
researcher employed the instruments. a. Questionnaire
According to Best 1959, questionnaire is used when information is desired p. 167. He states also that it is administered personally to groups of
individuals and served as a most appropriate and useful data-gathering device in a research project. The definition is argued by Wilson and McLean that
questionnaire is a useful instrument which is used widely for collecting survey information as cited in Cohen, Manion, Morrison, 2000, p. 245. They also
classify two types of questionnaire, namely closed questions and open questions. Closed questions require the respondents to choose, while open questions enable
the respondents to write their responses freely p. 248. The researcher employed this instrument in two steps in RD cycle. The
first step was in the Research and Information Collecting step. Here, the
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