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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 1
2. Silent letters
Silent letters are letters that are not pronounced in a word.
Silent Vowels
a: spread, aisle, boat, team e: great, pie, toe
e: fuse, scene, lime, stove, pale i: pail, business, receive, believe
o: people, jeopardy u: guest, guess, laugh, guide
Silent Consonants
b: doubt, debt, tomb, bomb c: muscle, black, science
d: Wednesday, bridge, ledge, fudge f: cliff, stuff, staff
g: campaign, foreign, sign h: chemical, echo, school, ghost
k: knowledge, know, knee l: quill, swell, tall
m: mnemonics n: autumn, column, solemn
p: psychology, pneumonia, receipt s: fuss, press
t: fasten, often, listen, soften w: shadow, answer, window
z: jazz, buzz
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 1
3. Articles the, a and an
Articles are used to differentiate between things or ideas – usually expressed by
nouns. The speakerwriter may be referring to a specific thing or idea, or a general one.
Article the is used:
to refer to something which has already been mentioned. when both the speaker and listener know what is being talked about, even if it
has not been mentioned before. in sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or object
to refer to objects we regard as unique the sun, the world before superlatives and ordinal numbers the highest building, the first page
with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people the Japanese, the old the names of geographical areas and oceans the Sahara, the Atlantic
with decades, or groups of years the seventies
Ana is used
to talk about one particular person or thing, when the listenerreader does not know which one is meant, or when it does not matter which one.
to talk about one member of a class job to classify people and things to say what class, group, or type they belong to.
to identify what somethingsomeone is, or what somethingsomeone is like. after certain adverbs or adjectives.
before noun qualifiers. with proper names.
after so or too + an adjective + a singular noun. after such and waste
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 1
Vocabulary List
approximately əˈpr
ɒ k.s
ɪ .m
ət.li adv : kira-kira
chunk t ʃʌ
ŋk n : bongkahan
core k ɔ
ː r n : Inti
debris ˈdeb.riː n : puing
diameter da ɪ
ˈæm. ɪ
.t ə r adv
: garis tengah dusty ˈd
ʌ s.ti adj
: berdebu exploration ˌek.spl
əˈre ɪ
. ʃ
ə n n : penjelajahan
extend ɪ
kˈstend v : memperpanjang
extinction ɪkˈstɪ ŋk.ʃ ə n n
: kepunahan faint fe
ɪ nt adj
: redup force f
ɔ ːs n
: tenaga grain gre
ɪ n n
: butiran humanity hjuːˈmæn.
ə.ti n : umat manusia
impact ˈ ɪ
m.pækt n : dampak
lack læk n : kekurangan
mass mæs n : massa
orbit ˈ ɔ
ː.b ɪ
t n : edaran
pebble ˈpeb.l
adv : kerikil
planetaryˈplæn. ɪ
.t ə r.i adj : perplanetan
ponderously ˈp ɒ
n.d ə r. ə.sli adv
: dengan kaku raw r
ɔ ː adj
: mentah remain r
ɪ ˈme
ɪ nv
: sisa rip r
ɪ p v
: sobekan smudge sm
ʌ dʒ n
: corengan track træk v
: mengikuti vaporizeˈve
ɪ .p ə r.a
ɪ zv
: menguap
CAN YOU TELL ME ABOUT
THEORY OF RELATIVITY?
Picture 2.1 www.space.com
UNIT 2
In the course of your study, you may sometimes need to explain technical concepts to your friends and lecturers. The ability to
explain things clearly and effectively can help you in your study and future career, as well. In this unit, you will learn how to help
improving your explanation skills.
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
A. LET’S START
TASK 1 Below are some pictures of scientific theories laws. Choose and study one of
them with your partners and answer the following questions orally.
Picture 2.2 www.science.howstuffworks.com
Picture 2.3 www.abyss.uoregon.edu
Questions: 1.
What is the picture about? 2.
What theory does it refers to? 3.
Who proposed the theory?
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
B. LET’S PRACTICE
TASK 2 Below are some words you are going to find in Task 3. Find their Indonesian
versions in the dictionary and then repeat after your tutor.
No. Word
Pronunciation Part of Speech
Equivalence
1. Convince
k ənˈv
ɪ n t
s
verb meyakinkan
2. Constant
ˈk ɒ
n t
.st ə nt . . .
. . . 3.
eclipse ɪˈklɪps
. . . . . .
4. formula
ˈf ɔ
ː.mj ʊ
.l ə
. . . . . .
5. general
ˈdʒen. ə r. ə l . . .
. . . 6.
headlight ˈhed.la
ɪ t
. . . . . .
7. pass
p ːs . . .
. . . 8.
solar ˈsəʊ.lə r
. . . . . .
9. state
ste ɪ
t . . .
. . . 10
toss t
ɒ s
. . . . . .
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
No. Statement
TFNC Reason
1. In special relativity the laws of
physics only apply when you are not moving.
F The laws of physics apply
no matter how fast you are moving
2. The theory of relativity has three
parts; special relativity, common relativity and general relativity.
. . . . . .
3. Albert Einstein invented theory of
relativity. . . .
. . .
4. Light never travels at the same speed
for all observers no matter how fast you are moving.
. . . . . .
5. The theory of special relativity
changed the ways scientists thought about time.
. . . . . .
TASK 3 In this part, you are going to listen to a monologue about the theory of
relativity . Listen to it and take notes for important information. Then, answer the questions below by putting T if the answer is true, F if the answer is false
and NC if the answer is not clear and state your reason. Then, discuss your answers with your friends.
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
TASK 4 Now listen to a monologue about gravity law and answer the following
questions orally.
1. What is gravity?
2. What is a mass?
3. What happened when two objects got closer to each other?
4. How does gravity affect us?
5. Does earth gravity affect the moon?
TASK 5 Study the dialogue below. Answer the following questions orally and
then act out the dialogue with your partner.
Situation : Adrian Bejan, J.A. Jones Distinguished Professor of Mechanical
Engineering, Duke University, has identified a basic Law of Physics that describes and predicts how design patterns emerge over time, he contends
that one can construct a “constructal theory” about any system, animate or inanimate. Below is this explanation about his law.
Picture 2.4 www.forbes.com
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
Card A
Anthony Kosner : In the simplest non-technical terms, what is the Constructal
Law? Adrian Bejan
:… Anthony Kosner
: What makes this a law of physics instead of just a theory? Adrian Bejan
: …
Anthony Kosner: :Wait a minute, does this have anything to do with the
“theory” of intelligent design? Adrian Bejan:
: …
Anthony Kosner: We don’t usually think of physics this way, but the
Constructal Law is quite hopeful. It’s about how things get better. Are you an optimistic person?
Adrian Bejan : …
Card B
Anthony Kosner :
… Adrian Bejan
: Let me explain it to you, the Constructal Law is my statement that there is a universal tendency a phenomenon
toward design in nature, in the physics of everything. This tendency occurs because all of nature is composed of flow
systems that change and evolve their configurations over time so that they flow more easily, to create greater access to the
currents they move. Anthony Kosner
: …
Adrian Bejan : Fantastic question Very few people know the difference. A
theory is a purely mental image of how something should be. A law is a concise statement that summarizes a distinct and
universal tendency in nature the phenomenon, previously not recognized as distinct. The bottom line is that the law is
one, the theories are many, and the empirical observations are immense in number. This hierarchy is the essence of the
evolutionary design of science itself, which is also a constructal theory.
Anthony Kosner: :
… Adrian Bejan:
A new law of physics improves ever yone’s thinking ability,
across the board. This has been my experience with the Constructal Law, as I lecture in universities, industry, high
schools, and retirement homes. Everybody gets it. Along the way people realize that catchy words like
“intelligent design,” “turbulence,” “chance” and “randomness” are not predictive,
are not “theory”. These are puzzles that the Constructal Law
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