LET’S PRACTICE MORE

89 English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices Unit 4

F. LET’S SUMMARIZE

In this unit, you have learnt about how to discuss something, HIVAIDS, cataracts, and diabetes, gerunds, and reduced form in English.

1. Expressions used in a discussion.

Opening a discussion To begin with, We need to discuss . . . Expressing opinion I think. . . I believe. . . Adding opinion You made a good point but I’d also like to add. . . Asking for input What do you think? How about you? Responding That sounds like a good idea. Sounds good. Contradicting However Yeah, but Interrupting Sorry, but. . . May I say something. . . Holding the floor Please let me finish. . . Returning to your saying As I was saying . . . Don’t get me wrong. . . Clarifying your own ideas In other words, What I mean is . . . Asking for Clarification What do you mean by that? What are you trying to say?? Clarifying anothers ideas You mean . . . What you mean is . . . Making a SuggestionProposal I think we should . . . Maybe we should . . . Agreeing I agree. So do I Disagreeing . I disagree. I dont think so. Giving examples For instance, Summarizing In summary, The conclusion is . . . 90 English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices Unit 4

2. Gerunds.

Gerunds are defined as the -ing form of a verb. They have several functions. 1. Used as subjects and complements Skiing is my favorite sport. Hiking can be very strenuous. Seeing is believing 2. Used as objects following prepositions and prepositional expressions Thanks for tending my children. The job consists of typing, filing, and answering the phone. 3. Used as objects following certain verbs. The children enjoyed watching the parade. Ms. Terrell avoided paying her taxes until it was too late. Gerunds can sometimes take objects of their own: Roland is afraid of making mistakes. Sandy is considering leaving New York. These verbs are commonly followed by gerunds: Admit Stop Hate Recommend Advise Threaten Hesitate Regret Anticipate Tolerate Imagine Suggest Appreciate enjoy Intend Threaten Attempt Quit Keep Tolerate Avoid forget Like Try Begin Recall Love Understand cant help Recollect Mention Suggest Complete finish Mind Go Consider Miss Remember Delay Neglect Resent Deny Postpone Resist Discuss Practice Risk dislike Prefer Start

3. Reduced Form.

Positive Statement Negative Statement Long form Short form Long form Short form 91 English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices Unit 4 is are am has have had will would ‘s ‘re ‘m ‘s ‘ve ‘d ‘ll ‘d is not are not am not has not have not had not will not would not isn’t aren’t I’m not hasn’t haven’t hadn’t won’t wouldn’t 4. Describing visual aids and numbers. Introducing visual aids Meaning of the visual Ok. Let’s take a look at… I have a transparency to show you… The firstsecondnextfinal slide is… Have a look at this. This showsillustratesrefers to… This is a graph which shows… As you can see, this is… Here we can see… Focusing attention Check with the audience I’d like to draw your attention to… One of the most important aspects of this is… At first glance it seems…but… Is that clear for everyone? Is that in focus? Can everybody see that? Ordinal numbers Fractions Decimals 1 st :First 2 nd :Second 95 th :ninety-fifth 101 th :one hundred and first 1+x 1-x : One plus x over or divided by one minus x ½: a half 2½: two and a half ¼: a quarter ¾: three quarters 0.0345 : Zero point zero three four five 0.5 :zero point five 2.5 :two point five 0.25 :zero point two five 0.75 :zero point seven five Percentages Units Trigonometric functions 92 English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices Unit 4 68 :Sixty eight per cent 10 m: ten meters 85,000 gal: eighty- five thousand gallons 35oC: thirty-five degrees Celsius 40 kg: forty kilograms kilos 85 lb: eight-five pounds Sin = Sin = Sin A B C sine alpha over A equals sine beta over B... Vocabulary List abnormalityˌæb.n ɔ ːˈmæl.ə.ti n : abnormalitas accelerate əkˈsel.ə.re ɪ t v : mempercepat acuity əˈkjuː.ə.ti n : ketajaman brief briːf adj : singkat clarityˈklær. ɪ .ti n : kejelasan consistency k ənˈs ɪ s.t ə n t   .si n : konsistensi deficient dɪˈfɪʃ. ə nt adj : kurang devastating ˈdev. ə.ste ɪ .t ɪ ŋ adj : mengenaskan digest d a  ɪˈdʒest v : mencerna disorder d ɪ ˈs ɔ ː.də r n : penyakit evidenceˈev. ɪ .d ə n t   s n : bukti fairlyˈfe ə.li adv : secara wajar