are conducted in a classroom and outdoor activity which is conducted in a tourism area. Each class consists of at least ten students and a tutor from 9th semester
students of English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakarta State University In the classroom activities, each student is given a coursebook consists
of tasks and a tutor to assist them in doing the activities. While in the outdoor activities, students are given the opportunity to develop their speaking skills by
interviewing foreigners. Since the speaking program for students of international classes is a new
program, alternative relevant English materials are needed for better speaking activities. Thus, this study is aimed to develop English speaking tutorial materials
which can be used by the participants and tutors of English Speaking Club at Yogyakarta State University majoring science.
B. Identification of the Problems
In designing a new program, Center for Language Development needs to develop materials to conduct the program. Therefore, Center for Language
Development together with students of English Education Department and lecturers of English Education Department work together in developing materials
in the form of coursebook for the program. Those materials are compiled from several resources such as websites and English speaking books. The topics and
themes of each unit in the materials are designed from the easier to the more difficult based on the
students’ needs and interests. The developed materials focus on three international classes i.e. International Mathematics Education,
International Accounting Education, and International Science. Those materials
are designed in the form of tutorial coursebook consisting of tasks needed to be
done by the students to develop their speaking skills.
However, as a new program, alternative materials are needed to be used by tutors and students besides the materials developed by lecturers and students of
English Department as mentioned above. Therefore, the researcher aims to develop materials for international science classes.
C. Limitation of the Problems
Based on the problems stated above, the limited materials available for students to develop their speaking skills, leads to the needs of other alternative
materials that can be used during the English speaking tutorial activities. Thus, it is the starting point from which the researcher wants to conduct this research.
However, due to the limited of time and energy, this conducted research focuses on developing speaking materials
for students of international science classes of Yogyakarta State University which particularly designed based on their needs,
interests and proficiency.
D. Formulation of the Problem
The problems are formulated as follows. 1.
What are the learning needs of students of international science classes in English Speaking Club?
2. What are the target needs of students of international science classes in
English Speaking Club? 3.
What are the appropriate English materials for the students of international science classes in English Speaking Club?
E. Objectives of the Research
In relation in to the limitation of the problem mentioned above, the objectives of this research are:
1. to identify learning needs of 4
th
semester students of international science classes of Yogyakarta State University in English Speaking Club,
2. to identify the target needs of 4
th
semester students of international science classes of Yogyakarta State University in English Speaking Club, and
3. to develop appropriate materials for 4
th
semester students of international science classes of Yogyakarta State University in English Speaking Club.
F. Significance of the Research
This research is expected to give a valuable contribution to the following parties:
1. Theoretically, to the English speaking tutorial practices of English Speaking
Club, this result will add more reference about developing English speaking materials for international science classes of Yogyakarta State University.
2. Practically, to the English Speaking Club tutors, who give speaking tutorial
to international science classes, the result of this study can be used as a reference as to what English speaking tutorial materials for the English
Speaking Club of international science of Yogyakarta State University classes are like.
7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Chapter II presents some theories and the conceptual framework that underline this study. The theoretical reviews cover the issues of speaking,
content-based instruction,
English for
specific purposes,
materials development, task-based language teaching, and tutoring in international
science classes. A.
Literature Review 1.
Speaking a.
The Nature of Speaking
Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information Brown, 1994; Burns
Joyce, 1997. Its form and meaning are dependent on the context in which it occurs, including the participants themselves, their collective experiences, the
physical environment, and the purposes for speaking. It is often spontaneous, open-ended, and evolving. However, speech is not always unpredictable.
Language functions or patterns that tend to recur in certain discourse situations e.g., declining an invitation or requesting time off from work, can
be identified and charted Burns Joyce, 1997. Speaking requires that learners not only know how to produce specific points of language such as
grammar, pronunciation, or vocabulary linguistic competence, but also that they understand when, why, and in what ways to produce language
sociolinguistic competence. Finally, speech has its own skills, structures, and
