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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
TASK 3 In this part, you are going to listen to a monologue about the
theory of relativity. Listen to it and take notes for important information. Then, answer the questions below by putting T if the
answer is true, F if the answer is false and NC if the answer is not clear and state your reason. Then, discuss your answers with your
friends.
No. Statement
TFNC Reason
1. In special relativity, the laws of
physics only apply when you are not moving.
F The laws of physics apply
no matter how fast you are moving
2.
The theory of relativity has three parts; special relativity, common
relativity and general relativity. . . .
. . .
3.
Albert Einstein invented theory of relativity.
. . . . . .
4. Light never travels at the same
speed for all observers no matter how fast you are moving.
. . . . . .
5. The theory of special relativity
changed the ways scientists thought about time.
. . . . . .
TASK 4 Now listen to a monologue about gravity law and answer the
following questions orally.
1. What is gravity?
2. What is a mass?
3. What happened when two objects got closer to each other?
4. How does gravity affect us?
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2 5.
Does earth gravity affect the moon?
TASK 5 Study the dialogue below. Answer the following questions orally
and then act out the dialogue with your partner. Situation
: Adrian Bejan, J.A. Jones Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Duke University, has identified a basic Law of Physics
that describes and predicts how design patterns emerge over time, he
contends that one can construct a “constructal theory” about any system,
animate or inanimate. Below is this explanation about his law.
Picture 2.4 www.forbes.com
Card A
Anthony Kosner : In the simplest non-technical terms, what is the Constructal Law?
Adrian Bejan :
…. Anthony Kosner : What makes this a law of physics instead of just a theory?
Adrian Bejan :
…. Anthony Kosner : Wait a minute, does this have anything to do with the
“theory” of intelligent design? Adrian Bejan
: .... Anthony Kosner :
We don’t usually think of physics this way, but the Constructal Law is quite hopeful. It’s about how things get
better. Are you an optimistic person? Adrian Bejan
: ….
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
Card B
Anthony Kosner : ….
Adrian Bejan : Let me explain it to you, the Constructal Law is my
statement that there is a universal tendency a phenomenon toward
design in nature, in the physics of everything. This tendency
occurs because all of nature is composed of flow systems that
change and evolve their configurations over time so that they flow more easily, to create greater access to the
currents they move.
Anthony Kosner : ….
Adrian Bejan : Fantastic question Very few people know the difference. A
theory is a purely mental image of how something should be. A law is a concise statement that summarizes a distinct
and universal tendency in nature the phenomenon, previously not recognized as distinct. The bottom line is
that the law is one, the theories are many, and the empirical
observations are immense in number. This hierarchy is the essence of the evolutionary design of science itself, which is
also a constructal theory. Anthony Kosner :
…. Adrian Bejan
: A new law of physics improves everyone’s thinking ability,
across the board. This has been my experience with the Constructal Law, as I lecture in universities, industry, high
schools, and retirement homes. Everybody gets it. Along the
way people realize that catchy words like “intelligent design,” “turbulence,” “chance” and “randomness” are not
predictive, are not “theory”. These are puzzles that the Constructal Law solves with ease, one by one.
Anthony Kosner : ….
Adrian Bejan : When you grow up under communism you have to be an
optimist, to survive.
http:www.forbes.comsitesanthonykosner20120229theres-a-new-law-in-physics-and-it-changes- everything
Questions: 1.
What is Constructal law? 2.
Who proposed Constructal law? 3.
According to Adrian Bejan, what is the difference between a law and a theory?
4. Do you agree with “a new law of physics improves everyone’s thinking ability,
across the board ” statement? Why?
5. What do you think of Constructal law?
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English Speaking Materials for Tutorial Practices
Unit 2
TASK 6 Tongue twister is one way to improve your English pronunciation.
Its very difficult to say tongue twisters in English so dont worry if you cant do it very well at first, just have fun
How fast can you say it? Twenty tongue-tying tongue twisters to twist you tongue a ton
1. She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
2. Eleven owls licked eleven little liquorice lollipops.
3. If you want to buy, buy, if you dont want to buy, bye bye
4. The big bug bit the little beetle, but the little beetle bit the big bug back.
5. If a noisy noise annoys an onion, an annoying noisy noise annoys an
onion more 6.
Please peel this peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. 7.
Surely Shirley shall sell Sheilas seashells by the seashore. 8.
If two witches were watching two watches, which witch would watch which watch?
9. Which witch wishes to switch a witch wristwatch for a Swiss wristwatch?
10. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck
wood? 11.
The skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk, but the stump thunk the skunk stunk.
12. The butter Betty Botter bought could make her batter bitter, so she
thought shed better buy some better butter 13.
Not many an anemone is enamored of an enemy anemone. 14.
Five fine Florida florists fried fresh flat flounder fish fillet. 15.
Red rubber baby buggy bumpers bounce. 16.
A three-toed tree toad loved a two-toed he-toad that lived in a too-tall tree.
17. The sixth sick sheiks sixth sheeps sick.
18. Freshly-fried flying fish.
19. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
20. Mix a box of mixed biscuits with a boxed biscuit mixer.
