55 organization, language use, vocabulary, and writing mechanics. Each of them
was determined by certain scales. Moreover, the results of the pre-test and post-
test‟ scores were used to obtain the data by comparing the mean scores of the students‟ writing.
D. Data Validity
There are five validity criteria that can ensure the data validity of this action research. The five validity criteria are democratic validity, outcome
validity, process validity, catalytic validity, and dialogic validity Burns 1999:161. The application of those categories in this research are described as
follows. 1. Democratic validity
It is related to stakeholder‟s chances to give their opinions, ideas, and comments about the implication of the action research.
To fulfill this category, the researcher collaborated with the English teacher to give opinion and suggestion towards the research and the English
subject. In addition, the students‟ view towards the research was also acquired to strengthen the data.
2. Outcome validity It is related to the outcome achieved in the research. This validity proves
the actions implemented in the action research can really solve the problem. The validity was fulfilled by the improvement of the students‟ writing
fluency as the main purpose.
56 3. Process validity
It means the actions that are done in the research are believable. The processes of the research are arranged as well as possible.
To gain this validity, the observations were conducted from the beginning of the research to the end. Furthermore, field notes and observation
checklists were used to keep valuable movements during the research, so that how well the processes and the students‟ improvement towards writing
fluency could be seen. 4. Catalytic validity
It concerns with how the research leads the participants to better understanding and takes further actions.
This research had fulfilled this validity since there were some positive impacts after the action being implemented. The first was the teacher‟s
knowledge about English teaching techniques was enriched. Next, the technique gave positive result for the teacher since it might be applied later by
her when conducting teaching and learning process of English. The second was that the students‟ motivation towards English learning especially for
writing activity were increased. They found it interesting to do the dialogue journal activities during the teaching and learning process in the classroom.
The last was the atmosphere created in the classroom were relaxed, so it enabled the students to reduce their stress towads English lesson. Finally,
they were able to produce more ideas and words to be put into written texts.
57 5. Dialogic validity
It means that the stakeholders who are involved play active roles in the process of the research.
This research involved the English teacher as the collaborator who also observed during the research process. This validity was fulfilled by holding
discussions with the English teacher as the collaborator before, during and after the implementation of the actions.
E. Data Reliability
