Intertidal Subtidal LITERATURE REVIEW
Table 1. Materials that were used in this study continued.
Materials Brand Type
Specification Functions
Thermometer Blue Gizmo
BG43A electronic or
digital thermometer
-4 C to 60
C
40 F to 140
F Measure
temperature
Standard manual
thermometer 11
C -10 C to
110 C
Digital balance IKEA Ordning
Max. 3000 g; d = 1 g
Max. 6 lbs 9 oz; d = ¼ oz
Measure weight
“Lucky” pocket scale
Digital scale
Capacity: 200 g x 0.01 g
Calliper
15 cm max.
0.05 cm accuracy
6 inches max.
1128 inches accuracy
Mesure length or diameter
Heater adjustable temperature
MP Heater micro
Processor
With temperature
setting
Company: Aquatic Nature
300 W
220-240 V
50-60 Hz
20-35 C
Heating the seawater on
separate tank plastic tank for
water exchange in experiment
tank.
Ammonia Aquarium Test Strips
API Aquarium Pharmaceuticals
For fresh and saltwater
aquarium
Ammonia ppm mgL: 0
– 0.5 – 1.0 – 3.0 – 6.0
Measure ammonia
pH Aquarium Test Strips
API Aquarium Pharmaceuticals
For fresh and saltwater
aquarium
PH freshwater: 6.0
– 6.5 – 7.0 – 7.5
– 8.0 – 8.5 – 9.0
PH saltwater: 6.0
– 6.5 – 7.0 – 7.5
– 8.0 – 8.5 – 9.0
Measure pH
Table 1. Materials that were used in this study continued.
Materials Brand Type
Specification Functions
Nitrite and Nitrate Aquarium Test
Strips API Aquarium
Pharmaceuticals
For fresh and saltwater
aquarium
Nitrite NO
2 -
: 0 –
0.5 – 1 – 3 – 5 –
10
Nitrate NO
3 -
: 0 – 20 – 40 – 80 –
160 – 200
Measure nitrite and nitrate
Filter for freshwater and
seawater and pump system had
been provided by Marine Habitat Lab
as lab logistics. Filtering and
mixing freshwater
andor seawater inside
the tank.
Data sheet see Appendix 2, 3, and
4 Note all data
during experiment
3.3. Methods 3.3.1. Selecting the organisms
There are some criteria to choose the organisms. First, the echinoderm organisms are from subtidal several species, so that they could be compared
with other latitudinal studies e.g. Antarctic, Singapore e.g. studies from Peck et
al., 2009a,b; Barnes et al., 2010; Nguyen et al., 2011. Subtidal area is assumed to have more stable condition than intertidal area, in terms of temperature Peck
et al., 2009a,b; Barnes et al., 2010 and salinity variability or stability are more
stable Castro and Huber 2007. Second, species from the intertidal, can be used as comparisons for subtidal species. Third, previous information suggests that
these organisms can be kept in the lab, in terms of size and “toughness” low mortality and normal behavior Figure 9. Trials used several species from
different classes class Holothuroidea, Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea, and Asteroidea of echinoderm. The size of the organisms should be appropriate to be put in
thermocycler tank dimension of thermocycler tank inner size is 75 x 40 x 31 cm and aquarium control tank dimension of control tank is 75 x 40 x 41 cm.
The size of organisms use in trial: for ophiuroids, it could be up to 5 cm for central disk diameter; for the asteroids, could be up to 10 cm in diameter; for the
holothuroids, the length could be up to 10 cm live specimen, measure