Ophiocoma cf.dentata black ophiuroids
Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued.
Photo Remarks
Upper thermal limit experiment hourly increase
A.
B. Species: Ophiarachna incrassata.
Date: December 13
th
2010 Time: A 16:03, B 16:12 11
th
hour, end of experiment
Temperature: 37.2 C
Note: Experiment A Condition when green ophiuroid could not turn.
A and B The arms of green ophiuroid were loose and weak.
Species: Ophiocoma dentata Date: October 31
st
2011 Time: 16:51 12
th
hour Temperature: 38.0
C Note: Experiment All black ophiuroid
were on the bottom of the tank. They got weak and turn slowly. The arms
were loose and weak.
Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued.
Photo Remarks
Upper thermal limit experiment hourly increase
A.
B. Species: Fromia milleporella
Date: A March 22
nd
2011, B May 4
th
2011 Time: A 14:35 9
th
hour, end of experiment, B 15:06 9
th
hour, end of experiment
Note: Experiment A The arm tips of red starfish are broken. B Red
starfish put out its stomach after experiment oral view.
Upper thermal limit experiment daily increase
Species: Ophiomastix annulosa Date: July 14
th
2011 2
nd
day Time: 08:06
Note: Experiment The red ophiuroid didn‟t want to eat given food. They
were cuddling to each other on the corner.
Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued.
Photo Remarks
A.
B.
C. Species: Ophiarachna incrassata
Date: December 21
st
2010 Time: 13:23 7
th
day Temperature: 33.6
C Note: Experiment A The wounded
green ophiuroid. Before it get wounded, the central disk swollen,
then exploded wounded. If this ophiuroid could recover its central disk
skin, it could still be alive. Control December 22
nd
2010, 14:49 B and C There was white
spot on central disk and central disk became bigger before it exploded
wounded.
Lower thermal limit experiment hourly decrease
Species: Ophiomastix annulosa. Date: September 22
nd
2011 Time: 19:25 14
th
hour, end of experiment
Temperature: 13.7 C
Note: Experiment At the end of experiment, the arms of red ophiuroid
became curled and stiff.
Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued.
Photo Remarks
Lower salinity limit experiment hourly decrease
Species: Ophiomastix annulosa. Date: September 22
nd
2011 Time: 15:40 11
th
hour Salinity: 25.5 psu
Note: ExperimentThe arms of red ophiuroid curled and stiff. It still can
turned, but very slow.
Species: Ophiocoma dentata. Date: November 11
th
2011 Time: 00:49 20
th
hour Temperature: 16.5 psu
Note: Experiment The arms of black ophiuroid were curled and stiff. They
still can turn but very slow.
Figure 43 shows the transitions which define the ranges over normal activity and life can occur
. Wharton 2002 also said that “At low temperatures, metabolism is undetectable. As the temperature increases, the rate of
metabolism increases due to the increased kinetic energy supplied to reactions. Beyond the optimum temperature, however, metabolism slows and eventually
ceases due to the damaging and lethal effects of high temperature. Changes in activity are associated w
ith these changes in temperature”.