Ophiocoma cf.dentata black ophiuroids

Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued. Photo Remarks Upper thermal limit experiment hourly increase A. B. Species: Ophiarachna incrassata. Date: December 13 th 2010 Time: A 16:03, B 16:12 11 th hour, end of experiment Temperature: 37.2 C Note: Experiment A Condition when green ophiuroid could not turn. A and B The arms of green ophiuroid were loose and weak. Species: Ophiocoma dentata Date: October 31 st 2011 Time: 16:51 12 th hour Temperature: 38.0 C Note: Experiment All black ophiuroid were on the bottom of the tank. They got weak and turn slowly. The arms were loose and weak. Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued. Photo Remarks Upper thermal limit experiment hourly increase A. B. Species: Fromia milleporella Date: A March 22 nd 2011, B May 4 th 2011 Time: A 14:35 9 th hour, end of experiment, B 15:06 9 th hour, end of experiment Note: Experiment A The arm tips of red starfish are broken. B Red starfish put out its stomach after experiment oral view. Upper thermal limit experiment daily increase Species: Ophiomastix annulosa Date: July 14 th 2011 2 nd day Time: 08:06 Note: Experiment The red ophiuroid didn‟t want to eat given food. They were cuddling to each other on the corner. Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued. Photo Remarks A. B. C. Species: Ophiarachna incrassata Date: December 21 st 2010 Time: 13:23 7 th day Temperature: 33.6 C Note: Experiment A The wounded green ophiuroid. Before it get wounded, the central disk swollen, then exploded wounded. If this ophiuroid could recover its central disk skin, it could still be alive. Control December 22 nd 2010, 14:49 B and C There was white spot on central disk and central disk became bigger before it exploded wounded. Lower thermal limit experiment hourly decrease Species: Ophiomastix annulosa. Date: September 22 nd 2011 Time: 19:25 14 th hour, end of experiment Temperature: 13.7 C Note: Experiment At the end of experiment, the arms of red ophiuroid became curled and stiff. Table 16. Photos of the organisms during andor after experiments continued. Photo Remarks Lower salinity limit experiment hourly decrease Species: Ophiomastix annulosa. Date: September 22 nd 2011 Time: 15:40 11 th hour Salinity: 25.5 psu Note: ExperimentThe arms of red ophiuroid curled and stiff. It still can turned, but very slow. Species: Ophiocoma dentata. Date: November 11 th 2011 Time: 00:49 20 th hour Temperature: 16.5 psu Note: Experiment The arms of black ophiuroid were curled and stiff. They still can turn but very slow. Figure 43 shows the transitions which define the ranges over normal activity and life can occur . Wharton 2002 also said that “At low temperatures, metabolism is undetectable. As the temperature increases, the rate of metabolism increases due to the increased kinetic energy supplied to reactions. Beyond the optimum temperature, however, metabolism slows and eventually ceases due to the damaging and lethal effects of high temperature. Changes in activity are associated w ith these changes in temperature”.