Research Method Research Subject

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher explains about the methodology that is used to answer the formulated problems in this research. There are five parts in this chapter. They are research method, research subject, research instruments and data gathering, data analysis technique, and lastly research procedure.

A. Research Method

This research analyzes the features of women’s language based on Lakoff’s theory 1973 that used by Hillary Clinton in her utterances in speeches and interviews. The analysis is based on the videos and the transcripts of the videos. In order to analyze videos and the transcripts, the researcher used qualitative method. Qualitative research is new research method because the existence of this method is not long as quantitative research. Based on Strauss and Corbin 2003, p. 4 as cited in Afrizal 2015, p. 12 qualitative research is a type of research methods which the researchers do not use statistic procedures to get the results of the research. According to Afrizal 2015, p. 17 in qualitative research, the data are generally in words form written and spoken. It is supported by theory of Ary, Jacobs, Razavieh 2002, p. 22 that there are eight types of qualitative research. They are ethnography, case studies, document or content analysis, naturalistic observation, focused interviews, phenomenological studies, and grounded theory. In this research, the researcher is using discourse analysis to analyze the data. Based on Wood and Kroger 2000, p.3, discourse analysis is a person’s point of view that contains of methodological and conceptual elements. They also stated that discourse data includes spoken and written texts. The researcher conducted a discourse analysis to study the phenomenon about the use of women’s language in the Hillary’s utterances.Using the transcript of the speeches and interviews, this research analyzed the utterances of Hillary Clinton in her speeches and interviews based on Lakoff’s theory of women’s language features.

B. Research Subject

The researcher used human as the research subject. The researcher chose the great woman who has a big role in this world. Her name is Hillary Clinton. The brief biography of Hillary was cited from website of U.S. Department of State. Her full name is Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton and people usually call or recognize her as Hillary Clinton. She was born in Chicago, Illinois on October 26, 1947 to Dorothy Rodham and the late Hugh Rodham. She attended local public schools before graduating from Wellesley College and Yale Law School, where she met Bill Clinton. She became a Minister of Foreign Affairs for four years from January 21, 2009 up to February 1, 2013. In 2000, Hillary Clinton made history as the First Lady elected to the United States Senate, and the first woman elected statewide in New York. In the Senate, she served on the Armed Services Committee, the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, the Environment and Public Works Committee, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI theBudget Committee and the Select Committee on Aging. As a Senator, Clinton worked across party lines to build support for causes important to her constituents and the country, including the expansion of economic opportunity and access to quality, affordable health care. In 2006, Senator Clinton won re-election to the Senate, and in 2007 she began her historic campaign for President. In 2008, she campaigned for the election of Barack Obama and Joe Biden, and in November, she was nominated by President-elect Obama to be Secretary of State. Secretary Clinton is the author of best-selling books, including her memoir, Living History, and her groundbreaking book on children, It Takes A Village. She and Presid ent Clinton reside in New York. In this year, 2016, she is one of presidential candidate in The United State of America. The researcher saw that there was something different in her utterances with the other women. Then, the researcher used the Hillary Clinton’s utterances in her speeches and interviews as the research subject. Instead of the recorded speech, the transcripts of the Hillary Clinton’s speeches and interviews were chosen because the researcher would study the explicit force about features or women’s language based on Lakoff’s theory.

C. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques