outcome; public speakers seek not simply to express themselves but to have an effort on their listeners.” Public speaking is useful and can be used as an effective
way to give motivation to the audience, persuade them to do some new innovations, and so on. Public speaking communication has two types, formal and
informal. The formal public speaking communication is speech and the informal is interview.
a. Speech
Speech has been described as a form of human behavior. Speech itself is defined as a means in delivering opinions and or ideas to the public Dewi, 2014,
p. 149. She also states that there are two main purposes in speech, general purposes and specific purpose. General purposes are 1 to persuade the audience
persuasive speech, 2 to give understanding or information informative speech, and 3 to entertain the audience. For specific purpose is to make the
audience know, get, and understand about the topic in the speech. According to Bormann and Bormann 1986, pp. 203-239, there are three
types of speech. It is similar with Dewi theory 2014. They are informative speech, argumentative speech, and persuasive speech.
1 Informative Speech
A common public speaking situation is one in which a speaker has important information or knowledge to give to an audience. The audience come to
get information and to learn from the expert. The speech form expected under the above circumstances is the speech to inform. Speaker who gives informative
speech may have one of several more specific purposes in mind. People may give PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
informative speech because they have knowledge gained from study and research and they can give their audience an understanding of the topic that serves to
satisfy the curiosity about the basic of the topic Bormann and Bormann 1986, pp. 203-205
2 Argumentative Speech
The communication event may be billed as a debate, or the setting may be such that the emphasis is placed on reasoned argument. In an important sense, a
good argument has a strong persuasive appeal for people. The point of dealing with argument in a separate chapter is to focus the audience’s attention on that
important aspect of public communication. People should not argue about they agree on, so arguments should be organized around areas of disagreement.
Arguments can relate to the issues phrased as question of fact, relate to question of value, and relate to question of policy. So, arguments should consist of good
reasons made up of evidence and logic Bormann and Bormann 1986, pp. 217- 218.
3 Persuasive Speech
Persuasion is sometimes called changing behavior. Persuasive speech is the participants in one common public-speaking situation come with the general
expectation that the speaker will deliver persuasive message. In many respects the persuasion occasion is similar to the argumentative speech. The main difference is
that while giving argument, people expect the debater to emphasize evidence, logic, and proof. In the other hands, when giving persuasive speech, people expect
the persuader not only to make a good argument but also to be credible, emotional, and motivating Bormann and Bormann 1986, pp. 237-239.
b. Interview
