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Figure 2.1: The Steps in Dick and Carey’s Model
a. Identify Instructional Goals
This step aims to determine what the goal of the product that should be achieved by the students Dick Carey, 2008, p. 6. It aims to help the writer to
identify the goals of designing speaking materials.
b. Conduct Instructional Analysis
The writer determines steps that are going to do to perform the goals of the design Dick Carey, 2008, p. 6. The writer determine the skill, knowledge and
attitudes that are required before the writer begins the instruction.
c. Analysis Learners and Context
This step is “parallel analysis of the learners, the context in which they will learn the skill, and the context in which they will use them” Dick Carey,
2008, p. 6. This step is done at the same time as the previous step. The writer collects the data about the characteristics of the students. After the writer has got
the data related to the characteristics of the students, the writer analyzes the
11 characteristics of the students and the context of learning that is appropriate for
the learning process.
d. Write Performance Objectives
The writer writes specifics statements of what the learner be abe to do when they complete the instruction Dick Carey, 2008, p. 6. Based on the
information gathered from the previous steps, the writer develops the skills that the students should achieve.
e. Develop Assesment Instruments
This step involves developing assessment to measure the learners’ ability according to the objectives stated Dick Carey, 2008, p. 6. In this step, the
writer develops several kinds of assessment that are attached in the lesson plan.
f. Developing Instructional Strategy
The writer should determine the strategy of learning that would be the base of the designed materials. “The strategy will emphasize component to foster
student learning including preinstrctional activities, presentation of content, learners’ participation, assessment, and follow-through activities” Dick Carey,
2008, p. 7.
g. Develop and Select Instructional Materials
