30
Table 3.1. The Description of the Respondents Blank
No Group of
respondents Male
Female Educational
background Teaching Experience year
F M
S1 S2
S3 1-5 6-10 11-
15 16-
20 20
1. Eng. teacher
2. Eng. lecturer 1
3. Eng. lecturer 2
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
The writer used two research instruments to obtain the data needed. They are questionnaires and interviews. This is the elaboration of each research
instrument.
1. Questionnaire
The writer used questionnaires as the instruments of data gathering. The questionnaires were distributed in several stages of the research, such as in
Analysis Learners and Context stage and in Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation of Instruction stage.
According to Borg Gall 2007, a questionnaire can be in closed form, or in open form. In the closed form questionnaire, the questions permits only
specified responses e.g., a multiple-choice question and it allows the respondents to choose one from the options provided. On the other hand, the
questions in open form questionnaire e.g., an essay question allow the
31 respondents to make any response they wish Borg Gall, 2007. In this research,
the writer used both open form questionnaire and closed form questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed in the design and conduct formative
evaluation of instruction stage. In order to get the feedback related to the materials designed, the writer distributed the questionnaires to the English teacher of SDN
Bogem 2 Sleman, Yogyakarta and the experts from Sanata Dharma University.
The feedback given would become a guideline in revising the materials.
2. Interview
In conducting this research, the writer used interviews to collect the data. Interview was one of the research instruments that used in this research. There are
three different types of interview such as unstructured interview, structured interview, and semi-structured interview Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, 2010, p. 438.
In the first step of the research, called identify instructional goal, semi-structured interview was conducted with the English teacher of SDN Bogem 2 Sleman,
Yogyakarta . This interview aimed to help the writer in identifying the goals of the
material. In the analysis learners and context step, the writer conducted the structured interview with the English teacher of SDN Bogem 2 Sleman,
Yogyakarta to help the writer understands students’ characteristics.
In the analysis learner and context stage, the writer interviewed the English teacher of SDN Bogem 2 Sleman Yogyakarta in order to know the
students’ characteristics in learning English, the students’ motivation in learning English, the learning activities and the methods used in the class. The writer also
32 used informal interview as the instrument in Designing and Conducting Formative
Evaluation stage. In this stage, the informal interview was conducted with the experts of education from Sanata Dharma University and the English teacher of
SDN Bogem 2 Sleman Yogyakarta. The informal interview was conducted after
the writer distributed questionnaire to them. It aimed to obtain the data about the materials designed, whether it was appropriate or not. The result would be the
guidelines in evaluating the materials to be better.
E. Data Analysis Technique
