Horizonalization Invariant Constituent Clustering and Thematizing

73 researcher did not bias when interviewing the participants and when interpreting the text, I drew pre-assumption from the literature and sources I had elaborated in the theoretical review. The pre-assumption was the material which would have made me interview and analyze with bias because it would have restricted me from seeing what the participants really meant when telling their lived-experience regarding the National Examination. The pre-assumption, when they were not explicated, might have made me drag the participants‟ stories to it. The explication of the pre-assumption helped me to see other possibilities of seeing the phenomenon of National Examination in the process of interviewing and analyzing the text. Criticism of distance was conducted by asking this question: How long after the observation was made was it recorded, and in which situation?” Alvesson Sköldberg, 2000, 79. Before conducting the research, thus, I tried to find the phenomenon which happened the closest to or in the year I started the research. If the phenomenon happened not far he possibilities for the participants to forget details regarding their lived-experience would be smaller. I started the research in 2015 thus I chose a phenomenon which happened in the year: the 2015 English National Examination. Meanwhile, criticism of dependence was conducted by answering this question: “Can other stories, which the reporting person has listened to, possibly have influenced the structure or the content of the report and the following analysis?” Alvesson Sköldberg, 2000, 79. The process I conducted in maintaining this criticism was similar to the process I had when maintaining criticism of bias. The pre-assumption I dragged was the stories which I considered PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 74 would also influenced the participants‟ stories. Thus, when I figured out that the participants told their lived-experience the way the sources in my theoretical review discussed the National Examination, I would ask the participants more detailed stories: what exact experience they had, what they felt, what they thought, and what they did when the experience happened. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI