Test Assessment and Test

20 was centralized Rachman, 2015, April 13 . There was a national body preparing questions Rachman, 2015. This year the government set a minimum passing grade, which would be set higher periodically Rachman, 2015. The grades were used to determine whether the students could graduate from certain education level or not. Since 2005 the term has been known as UN Ujian NasionalNational Examination . The term UN has been used until now 2017. In 2011, not only the National Examination was held. Local School Examination Ujian SekolahUS was also held at the end of each level. To decide whether a student could graduate or not, the government combined the National Examination score worth 60 to the total score with School Examination score worth 40 to the total score. “According to Peraturan Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 34 Tahun 2007 The Law of the Ministry of Education Number 34 Year 2007”, the National Examination functions as 1 the tool to map the quality of students and schools andor educational program, 2 select university student candidates, 3 determine whether students pass or fail from school andor educational program, and 4 support and help schools to improve the quality of education Sarasvati, 2012, 230. The National Examination was “held by Badan Standar Nasional Pendidik an BSNP” Sarasvati, 2012, 228. It was “the only body that is allowed to hold the national examination in Indonesia” Sarasvati, 2012, 228. The examination was compulsory Sarasvati. It was “held at the end of each level of study“ for students in the 6 th grade of elementary school, 9 th grade of secondary school, and 12 th grade of high school Sarasvati, 229. The format of the examination was multiple choices Sarasvati. The students used “a special paper and pencil to do the examination and then the examination is checked using a PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 21 compu tational device” Sarasvati, 229. As stated previously, since 2003, the students must pass certain grade in order to graduate from certain level of study Sarasvati. If students failed the examination, they could “join a remedial examination” Sarasvati, 230. It was “held a week after the notice” Sarasvati, 230. If students still failed, up to 2012, Sarasvati stated that there was no clear procedure that the students could follow in order to pass the examination. Sometimes the students were suggested to keep continuing the study in the higher level as long as in the first year they could get certificate showing they had passed the examination Sarasvati. Sometimes they are suggested to join PKBM and finish their study there Sarasvati. This part elaborates concepts related to National Examination. It is divided into three parts: national assessment, national assessment in Indonesia before 2015, and the 2015 national examination in Indonesia.

3. National Examination

a. Research on the National Examination

Previous research on the National Examination and the English National Examination discussed washbackimpact, validity, authenticity, practicality, reliability, interactiveness, administrability, student‟s action and teachers‟ voices. All topics were discussed by six researchers. Three of them used Merina, 2009; Thipani, 2013; Widyaningrum, 2014 content analysis method. One of the three Thipani, 2013 used both content analysis and sample survey. One Siswanti, 2010 used progressive qualitative approach. One research Fiharsono, 2011 used phenomenology and another one used Subagyo, 2014 case study. I will describe all those research reports not one by one but per topic. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI