19
19
In the middle section, there are Obama and Clinton columns. These columns where the researcher put the check marks. The check mark indicates the
expression used by the speakers. There are also totals columns. These columns shows the total of adverbs of stance used by each speakers.
Meanwhile at the right hand of the table, there is grand total row. This row shows the totals of adverbs of stance used by both speakers. In other words, this
row show which adverbs of stance are mostly used by both speakers. In conclusion, discoursal distribution of adverbs of stance discussed about
types of adverbs of stance, their frequency and their functions in both speeches.
2. Comparative Cross Tabulation of Sentential Distribution of Adverbs of Stance
The second objective of this study is to explain the sentential distribution of adverbs of stance. In order to fulfill this objective the researcher divided the
data into sentence segmentations. Each sentence containing adverbs of stance is labeled based on its syntactic function. From this segmentation the researcher
analyses the position of adverbs of stance and counts their frequency. There will be shown how adverb of stance occupy several positions. Adverbs of stance can
occupy initial, medial and last position Biber et all., 1999. Therefore, Table 2 is developed as follows.
20
20
Table 2.1 Cross Tabulation of The Adverbs of Stance: Sentential Distribution
Adverbs of Stance Adverbs of Stance Distribution in Sentences
Sub Types
Expressions
Adv + S + V S + Adv + V
S + V + Adv S + V + O +
Adv
Obama’s Clinton’s Obama’s Clinton’s
Obama’s Clinton’s Obama’s Clinton’s
EC ∑
Position ED
∑ Position
AC ∑
Position SK
LI ∑
Position AT
∑ Position
Grand ∑
Table 2 consists of classifications of adverbs of stance, totals positions, and the position of adverbs of stance itself. Table 2 aims to find the position adverbs of
stance can occupy, and also to show both findings in both speeches as comparison. Adverbials are mobile and can occupy several positions. Therefore,
the researcher divided the positions into four types. First adverbs of stance are occupying initial position. This position is pictured
as Adv+S+V. Second, adverbs of stance occupying medial position. The researcher also divided this position into two subs, which are adverbs of stance
occur before or after the verb Firbas 1992, p. 84. The positions are pictured as S+Adv+V and S+V+Adv. Third, adverbs of stance occupying final position. This
position is pictured as S+V+O+Adv. The positions are also counted to find the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21
21
totals. These totals are to find the most frequent position occupied by adverbs of stance in each speeches. In contrast the grand total is to show the most frequent
position occupied by adverbs of stance in both speeches.
F. Research Procedure
