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triangulation is to gather multiple perspectives on the situation being studied. Burns also adds there are four different ways of triangulation. Those are explained
as follows: 1. Time triangulation: data were collected at one point in time.
2. Space triangulation: data were collected across different subgroups of people. 3. Investigator triangulation: more than one observer was used the same research
setting. 4. Theoretical triangulation: the data were analyzed from more than one
perspective.
H. Procedure of the Research
There are four steps in the study of structural actions suggested by Kemmis and Mc Taggart in Burns 1999:33. They are the thematic concerns-
Reconnaissance, planning, action and observation, and reflection. Each step is described as follows:
1. Determining the Thematic Concern-Reconnaissance
The reconnaissance step was conducted by the researcher to find out information concerning students’ listening ability. The researcher interviewed the
English teacher first to collect the data. Then, he conducted a classroom observation of the listening teaching and learning process of VIII D. He identified
the problems in VIII D students listening skill. Furthermore, the researcher also interviewed the students to find out their difficulties in learning English.
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The steps would be carried out in order to fulfill democratic validity. Each participant would be given the benefit to share their opinions, feelings, and
expectations throughout the study. After that, the researcher with the collaborator analyzed the problems which exist and classify them based on its urgency scale of
priorities to be solve and finally, made next planning.
2. Planning
After the researcher and the collaborator identified the problems, they made the plan of the actions to be implemented in order to solve the low students’
listening skill. The researcher tried to improve the listening ability of the students VIII D of SMP N 2 Kalasan. The researcher and the collaborator prepared the
technique to solve the problems, teaching material and the instruments to collect the data.
In this research, the researcher implemented two cycles. Each cycle consisted of three meetings, so the action was implemented in six meetings.
However, before conducting the research, the researcher made course grid, lesson plans and other instruments for the research.
3. Action and Observation
After the planning was accepted, the actions would be implemented in the class. The actions would implement in two cycles. Cycle I conducted in three
meetings, and Cycle II conducted in three meetings too. In cycle 1, the researcher and the collaborator decided to teach many expressions based on the Standard of
Competence and Basic Competence such as expression of admitting and denying
