Edy Saputra : Pabrik Kertas Daur Ulang Di Kota Medan Arsitektur Berkelanjutan, 2008. USU Repository © 2009
Ada dua aspek penting dalam defenisi ini. Pertama, arsitektur berkelanjutan merupakan perancangan yang melibatkan banyak disiplin ilmu omnidisciplinary, tidak
dapat dibatasi hanya untuk area disiplin ilmu tertentu, tetapi dapat diaplikasikan di seluruh dunia dan siapa saja, baik masa kini maupun masa mendatang. Kedua, tidak
ada tujuan mutlak yang ditetapkan, yang ada hanya kesinambungan perkembangan itu sendiri. Jika dirumuskan dalam garis besar, ada tiga dimensi dan sudut pandang
arsitektur berkelanjutan, yaitu:
Sumber: Understanding Sustainable Architecture Gambar 3.1 Dimensi dan sudut pandang arsitektur berkelanjutan
3.3 Interpretasi Tema
Beberapa interpretasi dan pemahaman akan arsitektur berkelanjutan dikembangkan oleh beberapa teori dan kritik sebagai berikut:
a. Ecological Design oleh Sym Van der Ryn et.al. 1996:51 1. Solutions grow from place
Ecological design begins with the intimate knowledge of a particular place. Therefore, it is small-scale and direct, responsive to both local conditions and
local people. If we are sensitive to the nuances of place, we can inhabit without destroying
2. Ecological accounting informs design Trace the environmental impacts of existing on proposed designs. Use this
information to determine the most ecologically sound design possibility. 3. Design with nature
By working with living processes, we respect the needs of all species while meeting our own. Engaging in processes that regenerate rather than deplate,
we become more alive.
Edy Saputra : Pabrik Kertas Daur Ulang Di Kota Medan Arsitektur Berkelanjutan, 2008. USU Repository © 2009
4. Everyone is a designer Listen to every voice in the design process. No one is participant only or
designer only: everyone is a participant-designer. Honor the special knowledge that each person brings. As people work together to heal their places, they also
heal themselves. 5. Make nature visible
De-natured environments ignore our need and our potential for learning. Making natural cycles and processes visible brings the designed environment back to
life. Effective design helps inform us of our place within nature. b. Ecological Design oleh Ken Yeang 1995:187
Ecological design is a design process in which the designer comprehensively minimizes the anticipated adverse effects that the product of that design process
has upon the earth’s ecosystems and resources, and simultaneously gives the priority to the continued elimination and minimization of these adverse effects.
1. Hemat energi ...lowering of costs as a result of decreasing energy consumption in the
operation of the building… …reduction of the overall energy consumption of the building by the use of
passive non-mechanical structural devices… 2. Humanisme
…enhance its users’ sense of well being while enabling them to be aware of and to experience the external climate of the place…
3. Estetika natural dan kebebasan ekspresi …socio-economic and political conditions may change almost recognizably over
a period of, as may visual taste and aesthetic sensibility, climate remains more or less unchanged in its cyclical course…
…provides us with a set of theoretical principles for shaping buildings which must eventually allow for a permissiveness in poetic interpretation by design…
…created a layered building-façade. They also soften the impact of the flat and hard faces of the built systems on its external environment and provide semi-
enclosed and in between shaded areas at the upper parts of the buildings… …this environmental factor could also provide new opportunities for sculpting
design features… 4. Integrasi vegetasi horizontal dan vertikal
Edy Saputra : Pabrik Kertas Daur Ulang Di Kota Medan Arsitektur Berkelanjutan, 2008. USU Repository © 2009
…the starting premise is that vegetation is an important indigenous aspect of place and should therefore be an important regionalist design factor, besides
being ecologically vitas… …vegetation needs to be introduced into the built environment in far greater
abundance thatn is currently common… 5. Pengudaraan natural
…the creation of variable deep air zones at the facades of buildings, either as transitional spaces, or as interstitial spaces, or as residual spaces. These can
be in the form of large open-to-the sky naturally ventilated atriums with overhead louvred-coverings, or recessed balconies, or large skycourts…
6. Tanggap orientasi matahari …explorations into the layering of the external wall from the inside to the
outside environment, interfaced through transitional spaces, led to air concern for a variable wall design. There followed a series of studies on the externall
wall as a varied skin that changes its sectional profile depending on its solar orientation…
c. Bioshelters oleh Nancy Jack Todd et.al. 1. The living world is the matrix of all design.
Not as a precise tool, or blueprint, but as a profound multidimensional paradigm for the designs, a meta-model, a basis for thinking about how the world works
within which to frame more concrete questions about design… 2. Design should follow, not oppose, the laws of life.
Biology is the model for design… 3. Biological equity must determine design.
Took the welfare of not the poorest third of humanity… 4. Design must reflect bioregionalit.y
Silently but eloquently expressed in a manner appropriate to the bioregion. 5. Projects should be based on renewable energy sources.
6. Design should be sustainable through the integration of living systems. 7. Desigh should be coevolutionary with the natural world.
Edy Saputra : Pabrik Kertas Daur Ulang Di Kota Medan Arsitektur Berkelanjutan, 2008. USU Repository © 2009
Hardware and fossil-fuel powered machines be replaced by either informations or organisms or…a combinationf of both…
8. Building and design should help heal the planet. Acquired the knowledge of biology, the technology, and the potential
partnership in coevolution with the organic world to begin a process of planetary healing.
9. Design should follow a sacred ecology. Interconnectedness of the human and natural worlds in an unknowable
‘metapattern which connects’ is what we have come to think of as sacred ecology.
d. Green Architecture oleh Brenda dan Robert Vale 1. Conserving energy.
A building should be constructed so as to minimize the need for fossil fuels to run it…
2. Working with climate. Buildings should be designed to work with climate and natural energy
sources… 3. Minimizing new resources.
A building should be designed so as to minimize the use of new resources and at the end of its useful life, to form the resources for other architecture…
4. Respect for users. A green architecture recognizes the importance of all the people involved with
it… 5. Respect for site.
A building will ‘touch-this-earth-lightly’… 6. Holism.
All the green principles need to be embodied in a holistic approach to the built environment.
Setiap lingkungan binaan selalu memperoleh sifat dan suasana dari unsur-unsur lingkungannya. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan tiap unsur harus diperhatikan, hubungan,
ekspresi, dan kesan yang dapat ditimbulkan dari paduan unsur-unsur tersebut hingga mampu menghadirkan suasana yang diinginkan.
Edy Saputra : Pabrik Kertas Daur Ulang Di Kota Medan Arsitektur Berkelanjutan, 2008. USU Repository © 2009
3.4 Keterkaitan Tema dengan Judul
