Modul PLPG Bahasa Inggris Rayon 113 UNS Surakarta 34
It can be concluded that the techniques should cover the language-based focus on accuracy to message-based focus on interaction, meaning, and fluency
by drilling activities as meaningful as possible.
c. Types of Classroom Speaking Performance
Brown in his book entitled Teaching by Principles 1994: 266-268 mentions that there are six types of classroom speaking performance, they are:
1 Imitative
In this type of speaking performance, learners spend their time to initiate speech, for example, they are practicing an intonation contour, trying
to pinpoint a certain vowel sound, etc. intonation of this kind is carried out not for the purpose of meaningful interaction, but for focusing on some
particular element of language form. A type that can be concluded in this type and can be classified in the communicative language classroom is drilling.
Drills offer students an opportunity to listen and to repeat certain string a language that may pose some linguistic difficulty
– enter phonological or grammatical.
Here are some guidelines for successful drills: a
Keep them short a few minutes of class hour only b
Keep them simple preferably just one point at a time c
Keep them “snappy” d
Make sure students know why they are doing the drill e
Limit them to phonology and grammar points f
Make sure they ultimately lead to communicative goals g
Don’t overuse them 2
Intensive This type is designed to practice some phonological or grammatical
aspect of language. Intensive speaking can be self-initiated or it can be even from part of some pair work activity.
3 Responsive
This activity is short replies to the teacher or students initiated questions or comments which are usually and do not extend into dialogue.
Modul PLPG Bahasa Inggris Rayon 113 UNS Surakarta 35
4 Transactional dialogue
Transactional is an extended form of responsive language. Transactional dialogue is not just limited to give the short respond but it can
convey or exchange specific information. 5
Interpersonal dialogue Interpersonal dialogue is designed for maintaining social relationships
than for the transmission of fact or information. This conversation involves some or all the following factors:
a A casual register
b Colloquial language
c Emotionally charge language
d Slang
e Ellipsis
f Sarcasm
g A covert “agenda”
6 Extensive Monologue
The form of monologues can be as oral reports, summaries, or perhaps, short speeches. These monologues can be planned or impromptu.
This speech is designed for students at intermediate and advanced level.
5. Testing Speaking
a. The Types of Speaking Test
