equivalence, the researcher tried to find the effects that can be drawn in the process of translating proper nouns. Proper nouns actually have main categories.
According to Newmark 1988: 215, proper nouns have been divided into five categories: Proper Names, Historical Institutional Terms, International
Institutional Terms, National Institutional Terms and Cultural Terms. And also Newmark classifies proper nouns into 3 major types, they are the names of
people, the names of objects and geographical terms or the names of places. Observing the facts that there are many aspects involved in translation
process, the researcher needed to limit the problems in order to have a distinct focus. This research focused on the discussion of proper nouns in the English
– Bahasa Indonesia The Enchantress The Secret of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel
texts.
C. Formulations of the Problem
Based on the identification and delimitation of the problem above, the formulations of this study are:
1. What types of proper nouns occur in the English–Bahasa Indonesia
The Enchantress The Secret of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel texts? 2.
What types of translation techniques occur in the English–Bahasa Indonesia The Enchantress The Secret of the Immortal Nicholas
Flamel texts?
3. What are the degrees of meaning equivalence of the English–Bahasa
Indonesia The Enchantress The Secret of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel texts?
D. Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are : 1.
to describe the types of proper nouns found in the English–Bahasa Indonesia The Enchantress The Secret of the Immortal Nicholas
Flamel texts. 2.
to describe the types of translation techniques in the English–Bahasa Indonesia The Enchantress The Secret of the Immortal Nicholas
Flamel texts. 3.
to describe degrees of meaning equivalences of the proper nouns in the English
–Bahasa Indonesia The Enchantress The Secret of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel texts.
E. Significance of the Study
This research aimed to give some additional references to other researchers in the field of translation especially in the analysis of proper nouns since there is
limited information about itself.
1. Theoretically
This research can be used as an example for other researcher who will analyze the proper nouns which occur in translation process especially
from English into Bahasa Indonesia. 2.
Practically a.
The result of this research can give more information about proper nouns and will support the translators to improve their ability to
translate. b.
This research can be used to develop or give inspiration for further research with similar ideas.
8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoretical Review
1. Language
a Notions of Language
Language is a device for people to communicate each other. It means language has important role in communication. Language also expresses feeling.
Every human expression is expressed by language. According to Catford 1965: 1, language is a type of patterned human behavior. It is an important way in
which human beings interact in social situation. Sapir 1921: 8 states that language is purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas,
emotions, and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. The important thing on his definition is the term communication. Language is a medium of
communication in social interaction. Therefore, the language has functions as a communication tool.
In addition, Wardaugh 1988: 10 says that language is a specific set of linguistic items or human speech patterns presumably sounds, words,
grammatical features which we can be uniquely associated with some external factor presumably, a geographical area and a social group. From definitions
above, it can be concluded that language is a pattern in which human communicate each other. Since language has pattern, it can be analyzed and
studied by using certain theories of language.
