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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
A. Theoritical Review
1. Describe of Test Item Analysis
Analysis is the identification process of each item to get feedback to make improvements, enhancements, and refinements of the test items
Anas Sudjiono, 2011: 269-370. According to Nana Sudjana 2011: 135, test item analysis is the statement of tests in order to obtain the
questions that have an adequate quality. Another opinion of Suharsimi 2013: 205 reveals that the test item analysis is a systematic procedure
that will provide very specific information to the test items that we arrange. According to Daryanto 2008: 179 the aim of test item analysis
is to make an identification of the question of the test, to be a good, not good, and bad questions. Then, get the guidance to make improvements.
An analysis of each item aimed to obtain the important information, which basically would be an useful feedback to make
improvements, enhancements, and refinements to those items that have been issued in the achievement test, so in future tests of learning
outcomes are arranged or designed by the evaluator who can evaluates learning outcomes that have good quality. The objective of test item
analysis according to Gennaro Costagliola, are: a.
Keep on using the item in future test sessions, for good items. b.
Discard the item, for poor items.
c. Modify the item, for poor items whose defect is originated by a well-
known cause. In this case, the system also provides the tutor with suggestions on how to modify the item.
Costagliola and fuccella, 2009: 64 One of the most effective way to improve the teaching and learning
process is by evaluating the test results of learning outcome obtained from the teaching and learning process itself. A way that can be taken is
by processing the test results to see which components that still weak. Processing the test of learning outcomes in order to improve the teaching
and learning activities can be done by making the test item analysis. Test item analysis in quantitative include validity, reliability, level of
difficulty, discrimination index and distribution pattern answer.
2. Test Item Analysis Techniques