Type of the Research

41 teaching and learning process. Later, the data gathered through observation were presented in the form of field notes. b. Interview Interviews were used in the reconnaissance and data gathering step. In the reconnaissance step, the interviews were done to find the existing problem. Lodico, Spaulding, and Voegtle 2010: 338 state that interview can reveal participant’s own perception of their views, feelings, and experiences. The interviews would be done by the researcher to gather the responses, opinions, suggestions, and expectations of the students about the implementation of the technique. Meanwhile, interview guidelines are used to help the researcher keep the discussion on the track. It helped the researcher to conduct the interviews systematically and to check that the needed information had already been elicited. The results of the interview were interview transcripts. c. Video Recording and Camera The researcher recorded the English teaching-learning process by using a handycam while doing the observation. Video recording helps the researcher to record the activity that the students do in the teaching learning process. Through video recording, the researcher can play video recording again to know the lack of teaching and 42 learning process. The data were presented in the form of videos and photographs. On the other hand, the quantitative data was gathered through test. According to Brown 2001: 384, test is a method of measuring a person’s ability or knowledge in a given domain. The tests used speaking rubric for speaking tests. Those tests would result in scores that would be compared later to find the improvement of the students’ speaking ability. Table 3.1 : Instruments of the Research No. Instruments Data 1. Observation guideline Field Note 2. Interview guideline Interview Transcripts 3. Video Recorder Video 4. Camera Photographs 5. Speaking Rubric Test Scores

3. Data Analysis Technique

The qualitative data would be analyzed by following steps proposed by Burns 2010: 104-105 as follows. a. Assembling the data The researcher collected all data that had been got, reviewed the initial or revised questions, and started to look for broad patterns, ideas, or trends that seem to answer the questions. 43 b. Coding the data In this step, the data were grouped into more specific categories and identified the data sources that might code as qualitative or quantitative. c. Comparing the data The researcher compared the categories across the different sets of data to see whether there were contradictions or not. d. Building meaning and Interpretations To make sense of the data, the researcher analyzed the data several times to pose questions, rethought the connections, and developed explanation of the situation. e. Reporting the outcomes The researcher described the context of the research, outlined findings, and organized the whole research not only the analysis and findings. The results scores of the pre-test and the post-test were compared. The results of the students’ performances were analyzed by using Excel program to find out the mean of the students’ speaking performance. By comparing the students’ means in the first performance and the second performance, the improvement of the students’ speaking ability of VIII A of MTS N Karangmojo through Think-Pair-Share could been seen.