3.2.2.2. Database Design
As has been explained on the basis of the theory, the concept of Object Relational Mapping, the data used in an application will be stored
into the database. Next the writer explains about the steps which will include in database design,
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a. Table Structure b. Display database structure relational database
3.2.2.3. Interface Design
At this stage, the writer conducted the design of the user interface of this application. The design was conducted on the pages that
exist in the system.
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3.2.3. Coding
At the coding stage, prior to developing applications based on the previous stages, unit tests for each user stories prepared. The writer conducted a
deployment of applications that have been developed to target a specific server. After the test unit was prepared, then a new application development is
based on the previous design has been done. In the implementation of applications, the authors do application development with reference to design
applications that have been done. In the coding system worked because the team then applied the concept of pair programming is the concept where the
programmers sit together to help each other. Also at this stage, do refactoring to
improve the quality of the program structure. At this stage also build program as often as possible so that errors in the program can be detected as soon as
possible.
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3.2.4. Testing
3.2.4.1. Unit Testing
At this step writer use unit test which is individually and independently scrutinized test for Certificate Vending Machine
Application, in this research the writer did the unit testing manually. Unit testing is a software development process in which the
smallest testable parts of an application, called units, are individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation. Unit testing is often
automated but it can also be done manually. This testing mode is a component of Extreme Programming XP.
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3.2.4.2. White Box
For this white box the writer invite two students and two alumni as the system actors for use the system the result shown in chapter
four. In software development, a white box is a testing method in which
the tester has no knowledge of the inner workings of the program being tested. The tester might know what input is and what the expected
outcome is, but not how the results are achieved. A white box component is a compiled program that is protected from alteration by ensuring that a
programmer can only access it through an exposed interface.
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3.3 Research Workflow