50 gathered by using questionnaires and interviews for needs analysis as the basis to
compose the materials. The first questionnaire was distributed to grade VIII students of SMP N 1 Mungkid and the interview was conducted to English
teachers of SMP N 1 Mungkid. In conducting field-test, the researcher distributed the second questionnaire to the English teachers for evaluating the designed
materials as the basis of materials revision.
F. Data Analysis Technique
The data in this research were taken from interview and questionnaires. The data from interview were organized, interpreted and then developed as the
basis of designing the materials. To analyze the data from the questionnaires, descriptive data analysis was chosen.
In questionnaire A, the students were asked to choose certain answer of the provided options in the questionnaire. Then the data were described in
percentages in which the number of students who chose certain answer was divided by the total number of the students and then multiplied by 100. In other
words, the data were calculated by the following formula: N Note: N : the number of students who chose certain answer
X 100 ∑x : the total number of the students ∑x
The percentages gave an overview of students‟ characteristics, interests, motivation and need in learning English as the basis of designing the materials.
51 The selected response items of questionnaire B were in the form of Likert
scale. The data of this questionnaire were measured by central tendency that contained the following three statistics:
1. Mean
Mean was the average of all the scores in a distribution. It was the sum of all the points of agreement in a certain number divided by the total respondents.
The formula was written as follows: ∑x
Note: M : Mean M =
∑x : sum of the points of agreement N
N : The total number of respondents
2. Median
Median was the midpoint in the distribution in which below and above this point 50 of the values lied. To find the median, the points of agreement in a
certain answer were placed in order from low to high. Then, their midpoint was examined.
3. Mode
Mode was the most frequent score in a distribution. There could also be more than one mode in a distribution.
Then the following table would represent the descriptive statistics of the data:
Table 3.1 The Descriptive Statistics of the Data
No Respondents‟ Opinions
Central Tendency N
Mn Mdn
Md
N : The number of respondents
52 Mn
: Mean Mdn : Median
Md : Mode
The results from questionnaire B that were shown by central tendency were beneficial to find out whether the materials designed were appropriate and
accepted or not.
G. Research Procedure
The following procedure contains the steps used in this study:
1. Asking For Permission
The researcher asked for permission to the institution where she conducted the study that was SMP Negeri 1 Mungkid to conduct this research from the
beginning until the end. The letter of permission, the researcher got from Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta was addressed to the headmaster of SMP Negeri 1
Mungkid.
2. Conducting Research and Collecting Information
The researcher collected the information needed in this research. There are two kinds of information to be gathered, they are information about the theories
related to this research and information about the learners characteristics, needs and motivation in learning English. The theories about the research were studied
from books related to English teaching, the teaching of reading, language acquisition, and material development. The learners‟ characteristics, needs, and
53 motivation towards English were assessed by distributing questionnaire to the
students and conducting interview to the English teachers.
3. Planning
After getting the information from the previous step, the researcher planned the materials to be design. In this step, the researcher stated the
instructional goals, topics and general purposes, specified the objectives and listed the subject contents.
4. Developing Preliminary Form of Product
After planning, the researcher selected the teaching-learning activities and the instructional resources.
5. Conducting Preliminary Field Test
This step was done by distributing the second type of questionnaire to English teachers to evaluate the materials. The English teachers‟ evaluation was
reflected in the form of opinions and suggestions towards the designed materials.
6. Conducting Main Product Revision
The results from the previous step were interpreted as the basis of materials revision.
7. Presenting the Designed Materials
After the final revision of the materials was made, the materials were ready to be published.
54
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the researcher would like to discuss two main things. The first part discusses the steps in designing the materials, including the needs survey
results. It also includes the results of the survey which aimed to gain the evaluation of the designed materials. The second part deals with the presentation
of the materials.
A. The Steps in Designing the Materials
The discussion in this part intended to answer the first problem 1. How is a set of English supplementary reading materials using Strategies-Based
Instruction for grade VIII students of SMP N 1 Mungkid designed?. As it has been explained before, there were five steps of RD cycle to be adapted to design
the materials in this research. In accordance with the researcher’s adapted instructional design model, each step of the adapted RD cycle consisted of one
or more of the steps of the adapted instructional design model. There were seven steps in designing the materials, they were, conducting needs survey which was
included in conducting research and collecting information; stating instructional goals, topics and general purposes, specifying the objectives and listing the
subject contents which were included in planning; selecting the teaching learning activities and the instructional resources which were included in developing
preliminary form of product; conducting an evaluation survey which was included PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
