19 a Talking to chat and talking to inform
Brown et al. as cited by Luoma 2004 define chatting as “the exchange of amicable conversational twins with another speaker p. 22.” In forming anyone’s
social life, chatting is aimed not only to make and maintain the social contact but also all the social wheels. In language teaching, chatting involves learners’
personalities, social behavior, and cultures. Those aspects offer chatting in different cultures. Meanwhile, as cited by Luoma 2004, Brown et al. elaborate
talking to inform as a speech whose aim is transferring information on a specific topic p.23. In order to make the listeners understand the speech, speakers should
consider several aspects such as logical expression, questions, repetitions, and comprehension checks.
a Talking in different social status Luoma 2004 proposes some factors influencing speech. They are
situation, participants, ends, act sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genre pp. 24-25. Those factors should be considered as the social and situational
context where the talk happens. a Roles, relationships, and politeness
In communicating to each other, speakers’ roles and role relationship influence the choice of words in interaction. Moreover, politeness which is
influenced by maxim of quantity, quality, relation, and manner becomes the factor that should be considered.
b. Teaching Speaking Skill
Rivers 1968 states that teaching speaking is more demanding on the tea-
20 cher rather than any other language skills, the teacher will need to give the
students many opportunities to practice speaking skill p. 160. Some implications for teaching speaking are trying to create relaxed atmosphere in the classes,
exposing the learners to naturally pronounce speech, and interrogate pronunciation work into the lesson, and accustoming the learners to combine
listening and speaking in realities and natural action Davies, 2000, p. 82. Moreover, some principles of teaching speaking are as follows Balley,
1994, pp. 54-56. a Be aware of the differences between second language and foreign language
learning context Balley 1994 says that second language context is a context in which “the
target language is the language of communication in the society p.54.” Meanwhile, foreign language context is a context in which “the target language is
not the language of communication in the society.” a Give students practice with fluency and accuracy
Accuracy deals with the matching of students’ speech and what the native speakers say in the target language. Fluency is a condition in which students use
the language quickly and confidently. Moreover, there is a few of hesitations such as false starts and word searches.
a Provide opportunities for students to talk Teachers do not need to take up longer time to talk in class. Minimum time
of teachers’ speech will give more opportunity to the students in taking on the speaking roles normally filled by the teachers.
