Instruments of the Pre-design Research
43 consisted of several aspects to be checked such as the teaching activity applied by
the teacher, the types of class activity used, the class interaction, the class management, and the use of media in class. The observation checklist for the
teacher’s activity was used by the researcher during the class observation which focused more on the teaching activities conducted by the teacher in class. The
researcher obtained information from the class observation by filling in the observation checklist while observing the class situation. Some notes could be
added to give detail explanation about the aspects observed. In gathering the information, the researcher did the class observation by herself. The researcher
conducted class observation for two times. Each of them spent two lessons time. It was seventy minutes for each class observation.
The observation checklist for students’ activity was used by the researcher to obtain information about students’ activity during the class observation. The
observation checklist was formed on some aspects needed to observe such as students’ readiness in following the lesson, students’ participation during the
lesson, students’ interaction, and students’ effectiveness in using learning media. It was arranged to accommodate the researcher during the class observation. The
researcher filled in the observation checklist of students’ activity while observing them during the lesson. Some spaces were provided to give notes about detail
information of it. The class observation for students’ activity was held in the same time of the class observation for the teacher’s activity. Therefore, it could be said
that observing teacher’s and students’ activity could be done at the same time. Another type of instrument of the pre-design research was the interview
44 guide. There were two interviews for two different respondents. Therefore, the
researcher used two different interview guides for them. They were the interview guide for the teacher and the students.
The interview guide for the teacher consisted of several questions related to the information about teaching activity applied in the class. The interview was
done to clarify information obtained from the class observation about teacher’s activity during the English lesson. It asked more detail information from the
teacher. It meant that the researcher directly obtained the teacher’s explanation. It also gave clear answers which were completed with the reasons why the teacher
did those activities in class. The results of this interview would avoid misconception between the teacher who taught in the class and the researcher who
observed her class previously. The interview guide for the teacher was made to help the researcher during the interview. The existence of those questions eased
the researcher and avoided repetition or even forgotten questions which actually should be asked. The interview was done after the researcher conducted class
observation. In other words, the interview session was held at the same time of the class observation.
The interview toward students was conducted to gain information about their opinions about learning English. The students were asked about several
questions related to their interests and difficulty in learning English. Obtaining their answer, the researcher could conclude what should be attached in the
designed materials which accommodate students’ interests in learning English and alleviate their difficulty during the learning activity. This information also gave
45 the researcher some ideas of what should be implemented in the designed material
to encourage students’ motivation in learning English. This interview was an unstructured interview. It meant that while having chat and fun with students, the
researcher asked some questions to obtain needed information from them. This interview was conducted at the same time of the class observation and interview
with the teacher. However, it was held during the break time. Fun occasion and interesting way gave students easy of answering some questions from the
researcher.