46 terials had properly applied the theory used by the researcher.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
The technique used to analyze the obtained data of the pre-design
and post-
design research would be elaborated into the following explanation.
1. Data Analysis Technique of the Pre-design Research
Overall, the descriptive analysis was used to process the obtained data in the pre-design research. The class observations, both the teacher’s activity and
students’ activity during the English lesson in class, were used to obtain information not only about teaching technique, learning activities, student-teacher
participation, class management, and the media used in class but also about students’ characteristics in learning English. The researcher analyzed the results of
the class observation and drew out a conclusion from the observation checklist. The same technique was used to analyze the obtained information from the
interview with English teacher and some of fourth graders of SD Negeri Turi 1 Sleman. Every answer from the interview with the English teacher of SD Negeri
Turi 1 Sleman was then analyzed and made it into a conclusion. This conclusion was used to strengthen the result of the class observation for the teacher’s activity
which was gathered from the observation checklist. In order to find out the results of the interview with some of fourth graders of SD Negeri Turi 1 Sleman, the
researcher analyzed each answer and drew the results into a conclusion about their difficulties and interest in learning English.
47
2. Data Analysis Technique of the Post-design Research
The results of the evaluation questionnaire distributed toward the evaluators were then analyzed to make a final conclusion. The evaluation
questionnaire was valued by choosing the scale provided in the questionnaire. The scale used was the modification of Likert’s scale. The researcher decided to
arrange the scale from 1 to 4 degree of agreement. Each degree of agreement was clarified below.
1 : strongly disagree very poor 2: disagree poor
3: agree good 4: strongly agree very good
The technique used to calculate the final score for each assessed item was proposed by Brown and Roger which was known as “mean” or “average.” It was
discovered by calculating the total scores of the evaluators’ answer for each assessed item
w x and dividing it with the total number of the evaluators N. The formula was showed below.
Note: M
= mean of the final score w x = the total score of the evaluators’ answer
N = the total number of the evaluators
w x M =
N
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