41 Some aspects such as their readiness to follow the lesson, their interaction, and
their participation in class were observed by the researcher. Later, they were interviewed to obtain information about their interests and difficulties in learning
English. Some questions about favorite topics and materials, favorite activity, and learning difficulties were asked in the form of unstructured interview. The
decision to hold an unstructured interview was based on the interviewees’ characteristics. As young learners, it would be easier to obtain data from fourth
graders of SD Negeri Turi 1 Sleman in unstressed situation such as in a formal or structural interview. Participating in their conversation while asking some needed
information would create fun atmosphere and friendlier interaction between the researcher; as the interviewer, and some of fourth graders of SD Negeri Turi 1
Sleman; as the interviewees.
2. The Participants of the Post-design Research
There were two participants in the post-design research. They were two English teachers of SD Negeri Turi 1 Sleman and one lecturer of ELESP of
Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta. All of them had same role in this post- design research. The three of them became the evaluators of the materials
designed by the researcher. They were asked to evaluate and give criticisms, comments, and suggestions toward the materials. The English teachers of SD
Negeri Turi 1 Sleman were chosen for she had accustomed to teach fourth graders of SD Negeri Turi 1 Sleman who became the subjects of the materials
development in this research. The English teachers of SD Negeri Turi 1 Sleman were the right person to evaluate the materials since they have experienced in
42 teaching English to fourth graders of SD Negeri Turi 1 Sleman and known what
kind of suitable activities and learning technique or method for the students. Therefore, the researcher decided to ask their participation in evaluating the
materials. On the other hand, the decision in selecting one lecturer of ELESP of
Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta to evaluate the materials was based on the lecturer’s competences on education field because the lecturer have already
experienced in teaching English. The lecturer was accustomed to materials development. The lecturer knew how to apply certain technique in teaching and
learning activity.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Techniques
Generally, there were two major groups of instrument in this research. They were the instruments of the pre-design research and the instruments of the
post-design research. Those instruments were used to obtain information for the needs analysis and the evaluation session. Each of them is explained below.
1. Instruments of the Pre-design Research
There were four instruments of the pre-design research. Those were the observation checklist for the teacher’s activity, the observation checklist for the
students’ activity, the interview guide for the teacher, and the interview guide for the students.
The observation checklist for the teacher‘s activity was used to obtain information about what the teacher did at class during the English lesson. It
