b b Hubungan Pengalaman Karies dan PUFA dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh(IMT) pada Anak Usia 12-14 Tahun di Kecamatan Medan Timur dan Medan Tuntungan

Analisis Hubungan DMFT tanpa PUFA dengan Usia Kruskal-Wallis Test Ranks Usiatahun N Mean Rank Jumlah DMFT 12 67 112.70 13 75 101.77 14 74 111.52 Total 216 Test Statistics

a,b

Jumlah DMFT Chi-Square 1.407 df 2 Asymp. Sig. .495 a. Kruskal Wallis Test b. Grouping Variable: Usiatahun Usiatahun Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 12 67 31.0 31.0 31.0 13 75 34.7 34.7 65.7 14 74 34.3 34.3 100.0 Total 216 100.0 100.0 Universitas Sumatera Utara Analisis Statistik Hubungan PUFA dengan Usia Kruskal-Wallis Test Ranks Usiatahun N Mean Rank Jumlah PUFA 12.00 40 49.75 13.00 37 53.07 14.00 31 62.34 Total 108 Test Statistics

a,b

Jumlah PUFA Chi-Square 3.437 df 2 Asymp. Sig. .179 a. Kruskal Wallis Test b. Grouping Variable: Usiatahun Descriptives Jumlah DMFT N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 12 67 2.82 1.348 .165 2.49 3.15 1 7 13 75 2.84 2.034 .235 2.37 3.31 1 9 14 74 3.04 1.996 .232 2.58 3.50 1 10 Total 216 2.90 1.829 .124 2.66 3.15 1 10 Universitas Sumatera Utara Analisis Hubungan DMFT tanpa PUFA dengan Jenis Kelamin Ranks Jenis Kelamin N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Jumlah DMFT Laki-Laki 117 108.73 12721.00 Perempuan 99 108.23 10715.00 Total 216 Mann-Whitney Test Usiatahun Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 12 40 37.0 37.0 37.0 13 37 34.3 34.3 71.3 14 31 28.7 28.7 100.0 Total 108 100.0 100.0 Descriptives Jumlah PUFA N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximu m Lower Bound Upper Bound 12.00 40 1.7000 1.01779 .16093 1.3745 2.0255 1.00 5.00 13.00 37 1.8108 1.07595 .17688 1.4521 2.1695 1.00 5.00 14.00 31 2.0000 .89443 .16064 1.6719 2.3281 1.00 4.00 Total 108 1.8241 1.00307 .09652 1.6327 2.0154 1.00 5.00 Test Statistics a Jumlah DMFT Mann-Whitney U 5765.000 Wilcoxon W 10715.000 Z -.059 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .953 a. Grouping Variable: Jenis Kelamin Universitas Sumatera Utara Analisis Hubungan PUFA dengan Jenis Kelamin Mann-Whitney Test Test Statistics a Jumlah PUFA Mann-Whitney U 1210.000 Wilcoxon W 2695.000 Z -1.648 Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed .099 a. Grouping Variable: Jenis Kelamin Jenis Kelamin Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Laki-Laki 117 54.2 54.2 54.2 Perempuan 99 45.8 45.8 100.0 Total 216 100.0 100.0 Descriptives Jumlah DMFT N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimu m Maximu m Lower Bound Upper Bound Laki-Laki 117 3.03 2.078 .192 2.65 3.41 1 10 Perempuan 99 2.76 1.478 .149 2.46 3.05 1 9 Total 216 2.90 1.829 .124 2.66 3.15 1 10 Ranks Jenis Kelamin N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks Jumlah PUFA Laki-Laki 54 59.09 3191.00 Perempuan 54 49.91 2695.00 Total 108 Universitas Sumatera Utara Jenis Kelamin Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Laki-Laki 54 50.0 50.0 50.0 Perempuan 54 50.0 50.0 100.0 Total 108 100.0 100.0 Descriptives Jumlah PUFA N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimu m Maximu m Lower Bound Upper Bound Laki-Laki 54 2.0000 1.09888 .14954 1.7001 2.2999 1.00 5.00 Perempuan 54 1.6481 .87216 .11869 1.4101 1.8862 1.00 5.00 Total 108 1.8241 1.00307 .09652 1.6327 2.0154 1.00 5.00 Descriptives Universitas Sumatera Utara DMFT + PUFA N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound Decay Laki-Laki 54 3.78 2.400 .327 3.12 4.43 1 10 Perempuan 54 3.24 2.037 .277 2.68 3.80 1 9 Total 108 3.51 2.232 .215 3.08 3.93 1 10 Missing Laki-Laki 54 .56 .769 .105 .35 .77 3 Perempuan 54 .37 .653 .089 .19 .55 2 Total 108 .46 .716 .069 .33 .60 3 Filling Laki-Laki 54 .07 .264 .036 .00 .15 1 Perempuan 54 .15 .563 .077 .00 .30 3 Total 108 .11 .439 .042 .03 .19 3 Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Gede YI KK, Pandelaki K, Mariati NW. Hubungan pengetahuan kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada siswa SMA N 9 Manado. J E-Gigi 2013; 1: 84-8. 2. Pintauli S, Hamada T. Menuju gigi dan mulut sehat, pencegahan dan pemeliharaan.Medan: USU Press, 2008: 4-17. 3. Larasati R. Hubungan kebersihan mulut dengan penyakit sistemik. J Skala Husada 2012; 9: 97-104. 4. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Riset kesehatan dasar RISKESDAS 2013. Jakarta, 2013: 113-9. 5. Mangkey E, Posangi J, Leman MA. Gambaran status karies pada siswa SMP N 1 Tomohon. J E-Gigi 2015;3:182-8. 6. Tiwari S, Dubey A, Singh B. Clinical consequences of untreated dental caries evaluated with the pulpal involvement-roots-sepsis index in the primary dentition of school children from the Raipur and Durg Districts, Chhattisgarh State, India. JMed Princ Pract 2015; 24: 184-8. 7. Yani RWE. Relationship between dental caries and nutritional status in toddlers at Kaliwates Jember. IJSBAR 2015; 21 2 : 428-33. 8. Bagińska J, Rodakowska E, Borawska WM. Index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries pufa in primary dentition of children from North-East Poland. J Advances in Medical Sciences 2013; 58: 442-7. 9. Monse B, Weltzien RH, Benzian H. PUFA–An index of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 77-82. 10. Hooley M, Skouteris H, Boganin C. Body mass index and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review of literature published 2004- 2011. J Systematic Reviews 2012; 1-26. 11. Benzian et al. Untreated severe dental decay: a neglected determinant of low body mass index in 12-year-old Filipino children. BMC Public Health 2011; 11: 558-67. Universitas Sumatera Utara 12. Jain K, Singh B, Dubey A. Clinical assessment of effects of untreated dental caries in school going children using PUFA index. J Chettinad Health City Medical 2014; 3: 105-8. 13. Dua R, Jindal R, Kaur D, Aggarwal N. Correlation between PUFApufa scores and IMT-for age in rural Indian children. Indian J Oral Sci 2014; 5: 21-6. 14. Karmawati IA, Tauchid SN, Harahap NN. Perbedaan risiko terjadinya karies baru pada anak usia 12 tahun murid SD UKGS dan non UKGS di wilayah Kecamatan Cilandak Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2011. J Health Quality 2012; 2: 1- 11. 15. Darwish MA, Ansari WEL, Bener A. Prevalence of dental caries among 12-14 year old children in Qatar. J The Saudi Dent 2014; 26: 115-25. 16. Rosidi A, Haryani S, Adimayanti E. Hubungan antara konsumsi makanan kariogenik dengan kejadian karies gigi pada anak SDN 1 Gogodalem Kec. Bringin Kab. Semarang. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil-Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian.Semarang, 2014: 1-7. 17. Hidayanti L. Hubungan karakteristik keluarga dan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan kariogenik dengan keparahan karies gigi anak sekolah dasar. Tesis. Semarang: Program Studi Magister Gizi Masyarakat UNDIP, 2005: 57-66. 18. Adyatmaka I. Model simulator resiko karies gigi pada anak prasekolah. Disertasi. Jakarta: Program Doktor Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi FKG UI, 2008: 17- 8 19. Soesilo D, Santoso RE, Diyatri I. Peranan sorbitol dalam mempertahankan kestabilan pH saliva pada proses pencegahan karies. J. Dent 2005; 38: 25-8 20. Dean, Avery, Mc Donald. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 9 th ed. , Beijing: Mosby, 2011: 177-8, 185. 21. Mehta A. Comprehensive review of caries assessment systems developed over the last decade. RSBO 2012; 9; 316-21. 22. Utari A. Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan tingkat kesegaran jasmani pada anak usia 12-14 tahun. Tesis. Semarang: Program Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis I Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, 2007: 45. Universitas Sumatera Utara 23. Kementerian Kesehatan RI Direktorat Jenderal Bina Gizi dan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Direktorat Bina Gizi. Standar antropometri penilaian status gizi anak. Jakarta, 2011: 20-39. 24. Shilee F, Sogi GM, Sharma KR. Association between dental caries and body mass index among 12 and 15 years school children in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. J of Advanced Oral Research 2013; 4: 6-10. 25. Thippeswamy HM, Kumar N, Acharya S, Pentapati KC. Relationship between body mass index and dental caries among adolescent children in South India. West Indian Med Journal 2011; 605: 581-6. 26. Willershausen B, Haas G, Krummenauer F, Hohenfellner K. 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BAB 3 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1 Jenis Penelitian