CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter talks about the research methodology used in this study. It presents, place and time of the research, research method and design of the
research, population and samples of the research, instrument of the research, techniques of data collection, techniques of data analysis and statistical
hypotheses. A. Time and Place of the Research
This research was conducted at SMAN 22 Kab. Tangerang. It is located on Jl. Bumi Puspitek Asri, RT 07 RW 01, Pagedangan, Kec. Pagedangan, Kab.
Tangerang, Prop. Banten, Indonesia. There are total six meetings in this study, two meetings for pre-test and post-test, and four meetings for giving the treatment.
B. Method and Design of the Research
The research conducted in a quantitative research method with quasi- experimental design for the research. The researcher used quasi-experimental
study because the researchers used the classes that have been formed initially as a class in SMAN 22 Kabupaten Tangerang. Quasi-experimental design uses pre-
tests and post-tests to both experimental group and controlled group. The research involves two different classes; in the experimental group, researcher used picture
series as the media of teaching reading of procedure text, and in the controlled group, researcher did not use picture series as the media of teaching reading of
procedure text.
The design can be figured as follow:
Table 3.1 Design of the Research
Experimental Group
Pre-Test Treatment with
Picture Series Post-Test
Control Group
Pre-Test No Treatment
Post-Test
Table source adaptation from https:www.urbanreproductivehealth.orgtoolkitsmeasuring- successtypes-evaluation-designs December, 9
th
2016
C. Population and Samples of the Research
The populations of this study are the students of the tenth grade of SMAN 22 Kab. Tangerang in academic year 20162017, which consists of 7 classes in
total from 10.1 to 10.7 with 40 students in each class. The total population is 279 students.
Due to the rule of experimental study, the writer selected two groups as samples of the research; experiment class and controlled class. The experiment
class received a treatment by using of picture series in teaching procedure text while the controlled class without using any media. So, there will be 66 students
participated in this study. The sample of the research, furthermore, was obtained by using purposive
sampling technique with the recommendation from the English teacher at the school resulting two classes
– 10.3 and 10.4 with 33 students in each class. In deciding experimental class and controlled class, the writer used pre-test
mean score. In pre-test, class 10.3 mean score was 72.27 while class 10.4 mean score was 72.73. In spite of insignificance difference of mean score, class with
lower mean score would be assigned as experimental class and class with higher mean score was as controlled class. In other words, class 10.3 was experimental
class and class 10.4 was controlled class. This might happen because the writer hopes that students’ post-test score in experimental class was increasing after
treatment was given.
D. Research Instrument
The instrument of this study is a reading comprehension test. The researcher gave the multiple choices test in pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was
given to the students to measure their skill in reading comprehension about the procedure text before the treatment while the post-test was given to the students to
measure their reading comprehension in procedure text after getting the treatment. A conceptual definition of this text is a procedure, therefore, is a piece of
text that gives us instructions for doing something. Procedure is kind of text which shows on how to make something completely. Procedure text usually explain the
ingredient or material which is need, though sometime it is omitted, after that procedure text will explain step by step how to make the thing.
After the students gave the test back to the researcher, the scores which obtained by the students on answering the test related to the procedure text,
consist of: 1 finding the main idea, 2 finding the goal of the text, 3 finding the specific information of the text, and 4 determining the word referral. The test
was designed with multiple choices items with options A, B, C, D and E. It meant there was one correct answer, while the others were distraction. The items would
have 20 multiple choice questions with a, b, c, d, and e as choices. The score was 1 for each correct item and 0 for each incorrect item, so students’ total correct
answer would multiple by 10 and divide by 2 in order to get perfect score, a hundred.
As can be seen at the blue print of the instrument 3.2 and 3.3 on the appendix
E. Techniques of Data Collection
The technique of collecting data in this research used was pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was given in the first meeting, and post-test was given in the last
meeting. Both pre-test and post-test were conducted in the classroom. Pre-test is conducted to know the score of the students before the
treatment. The writer gives the test about procedure text in multiple choice questions. After that, the writer taught reading of procedure text in the
experimental and control class. The writer gave both classes the same materials in
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