3. Functions of Picture Series
Regarding the function of picture series, Wright gives some functions of pictures that stated on his book. Those functions are structures and vocabulary,
function and situation, and skills.
18
It can be concluded that pictures are very useful for giving the grammatical and vocabulary entries. They also help to
provide the students the situations and the contexts that light up the meaning of words. Besides that, p
ictures can increase the students’ motivation and provide a useful practice material and pictures also can help students to get the information
of the text based on the situations that described on the pictures. And also, pictures can be useful for the students to develop their skill in a situation or they
can practice the language in real context in which they can use it to communicate their ideas of the pictures.
C. Procedure Text 1. Definition of Procedure Text
Usually we read a text how to operate new things, how to prepare or make something, how to act in some circumstances like school, company, and a
community, and how to get some places. Those kinds of text are called procedure
text.
Procedure text or procedure instructions such as recipes and directions are concerned with telling someone how to do something. For this reason, procedure
texts generally begin with the goal of the task. And the set of the ingredients or the materials required to complete the task will often be presented in the order of
use.
19
Procedure text is dominantly structured with imperative sentence cut, mix, boil, pour, etc. since it actually an instruction. The text then proceeds through a
sequence of steps specifying how the goal is to be achieved.
In the term of reading text, the purpose of procedural text is to give the manual instructions or steps of making, arranging, and doing something to the
18
Ibid., pp. 4 –5.
19
Peter Knapp and Megan Watkins, Genre, Text, Grammar –Technologies for Teaching
and Assessing Writing, Australia: University of New South Wales Press Ltd., 2005, p. 157.
readers. So, the readers not only read the whole text, but also follow the
instructions based on the right steps that are given in the text.
2. Generic Structure of Procedure Text
According to Mark and Kathy’s book Text Types in English 3, there are some steps for constructing a procedure text.
20
First, an introductory statement that gives the air or goal. It means that the text contains information about the
purpose of the creation or the text that shows what actually will be done, such as “how to make a kite”, will be made; “how to make sushi”, and what will be
accomplished according to the text.
Second is a list of materials that will be needed for completing the procedure. Materials are the equipment or also can be defined as utensils which
are used to make something based on the text. For example, the ingredients for making an omelet such as 2 eggs, a cooking oil, a pinch of salt or pepper, etc.
and also the utensils for making a kite such as a glue, paper, scissors, etc.
Finally, the last constructing a procedure text is a sequence of steps in the order they need to be done. Actually this is the main structure of the text, because
it gives the procedures how do we make something based on the orderly procedures such as first, second, next, then, etc. So, the readers can follow the
sequence steps according to the procedures that are given in the text.
3. Language Features of Procedure Text
Based on Mark and Kathy’s book, there are some language features that usually found in a procedure text.
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The language features are: a.
Sentences that begin with verbs and are stated as commands, for example the usage of word “cut” in the sentence; cut the garlic and the chili
b. The use of time words or numbers that tell the order for doing the
procedure. This is also called sequencers for example first, second, then, next, finally.
20
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 3, South Yarra: Mc Millan Education, Ltd., 2003, pp. 28
–29.
21
Ibid.
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