different technique. The experimental class was taught using picture series while the control class was taught without using picture series. Post-test is used to know
the students score after teaching learning process to both classes after the treatment. The tests are about procedural text questions; it conducts multiple
choice items. Multiple choice items consist of 20 questions.
F. Techniques of Data Analysis
The writer used statistical calculation to find out the differences of students’ score of 10.3 as experimental class which is taught procedure text using
picture and student’s score of 10.4 as controlled class which is taught procedure
text by using textbook. The formula which is used called t test. The formula is used for two groups of large samples correlated each other.
1
In analyzing the data, t-test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test scores.
2
With the explanation: t
o
= The value of “t observation”
M
1
= Mean of the differences of Experiment Class M
2
= Mean of the differences of Controlled Class SE
M1
= Standard Error of Experimental Class SE
M2
= Standard Error of Controlled Class The formula above is the main formula. Before using the formula, the writer also
use some calculation procedure such: 1.
Determining Mean of Variable X by using the formula below:
1
Anas Sudijono. Pengantar Statistika Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. 2006, p. 324.
2
Budi Susetyo, Statistika untuk Analisis Data Penelitian, Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2010, p. 100.
M : Mean of the score of experimental class
x : Sum of the students’ score of experimental class N
:
Number of the students of experimental class 2.
Determining Mean of Variable Y by using the formula below:
M : Mean of the score of control class
: Sum of the students’ score of control class N
:
Number of the students of control class 3.
Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable x by using the formula below:
√
SDx : Standard deviation score of experimental class
4. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y by using the formula
below: √
SDy : Standard deviation score of control class 5.
Determining Standard Error of Mean of Variable X by using the formula below:
√
SE
Mx :
Standard error of experimental class
