D. Research Instrument
The instrument of this study is a reading comprehension test. The researcher gave the multiple choices test in pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was
given to the students to measure their skill in reading comprehension about the procedure text before the treatment while the post-test was given to the students to
measure their reading comprehension in procedure text after getting the treatment. A conceptual definition of this text is a procedure, therefore, is a piece of
text that gives us instructions for doing something. Procedure is kind of text which shows on how to make something completely. Procedure text usually explain the
ingredient or material which is need, though sometime it is omitted, after that procedure text will explain step by step how to make the thing.
After the students gave the test back to the researcher, the scores which obtained by the students on answering the test related to the procedure text,
consist of: 1 finding the main idea, 2 finding the goal of the text, 3 finding the specific information of the text, and 4 determining the word referral. The test
was designed with multiple choices items with options A, B, C, D and E. It meant there was one correct answer, while the others were distraction. The items would
have 20 multiple choice questions with a, b, c, d, and e as choices. The score was 1 for each correct item and 0 for each incorrect item, so students’ total correct
answer would multiple by 10 and divide by 2 in order to get perfect score, a hundred.
As can be seen at the blue print of the instrument 3.2 and 3.3 on the appendix
E. Techniques of Data Collection
The technique of collecting data in this research used was pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was given in the first meeting, and post-test was given in the last
meeting. Both pre-test and post-test were conducted in the classroom. Pre-test is conducted to know the score of the students before the
treatment. The writer gives the test about procedure text in multiple choice questions. After that, the writer taught reading of procedure text in the
experimental and control class. The writer gave both classes the same materials in
different technique. The experimental class was taught using picture series while the control class was taught without using picture series. Post-test is used to know
the students score after teaching learning process to both classes after the treatment. The tests are about procedural text questions; it conducts multiple
choice items. Multiple choice items consist of 20 questions.
F. Techniques of Data Analysis
The writer used statistical calculation to find out the differences of students’ score of 10.3 as experimental class which is taught procedure text using
picture and student’s score of 10.4 as controlled class which is taught procedure
text by using textbook. The formula which is used called t test. The formula is used for two groups of large samples correlated each other.
1
In analyzing the data, t-test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test scores.
2
With the explanation: t
o
= The value of “t observation”
M
1
= Mean of the differences of Experiment Class M
2
= Mean of the differences of Controlled Class SE
M1
= Standard Error of Experimental Class SE
M2
= Standard Error of Controlled Class The formula above is the main formula. Before using the formula, the writer also
use some calculation procedure such: 1.
Determining Mean of Variable X by using the formula below:
1
Anas Sudijono. Pengantar Statistika Pendidikan. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. 2006, p. 324.
2
Budi Susetyo, Statistika untuk Analisis Data Penelitian, Bandung: PT Refika Aditama, 2010, p. 100.
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