52
CHAPTER III DATA ANALYSIS
Expressions of gratitude which are made by AEs, INs, and ELs, as the data of the present study, are first categorized into thanking taxonomy which is built by
Cheng. Then, expressions of gratitude which are made by three groups in every situation are compared. After that, the data analysis is presented according to the
research questions. As baseline data, expressions of gratitude which are made by AEs and INs are first compared by pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic
approaches. To investigate the evidences of pragmatic transfer, the expressions of gratitude which are made by ELs are compared with the baseline data.
Qualitative method is employed. All expressions of gratitude which are analyzed in the present study are originally elicited by DCT as the instrument of the study.
A. Categorization of Expressions of Gratitude
In 2005, Cheng built a thanking taxonomy which categorize expressions of gratitude into 8 thanking strategies: 1 thanking, 2 appreciation, 3 positive
feeling, 4 apology, 5 recognition of imposition, 6 repayment, 7 other, and 8 alerter.
160
In the present study, categorization of expressions of gratitude as responses to every given situation on the DCT into Cheng‘s thanking taxonomy is
completely presented in Appendix 5, Table 5.1 –5.18. All expressions of gratitude
which are in Appendix 5 are originally gathered by DCT which is employed in the present study. Some representative examples are presented as follow:
160
Stephanie Weijung Cheng 2005, op.cit. pp. 40-49.
1. Thanking
a by using the word thank
AEs : 1. Thanks
161
2. Thank you.
162
INs : 1. Terima kasih. ‘Thank you‘
163
2. Makasih. ‗Thank you‘
164
Makasih is non-standard form of Terima kasih in Indonesian.
ELs : 1. Thank you.
165
2. Thanks.
166
b by thanking and stating the favor
AEs : 1. Thank you so much for lending me your pen
167
2. Thank you for the recommendations.
168
INs : 1. Terima kasih banyak atas bantuannya. ‗Thank you so much for
the help.‘
169
2. Makasih ya buat bukunya . ‗Thank you for the book‘
170
ELs : 1. Thank you very much for allowing me to reschedule.
171
2. Thank you very much for recommending those great books.
172
161
Table 5.1 AE 5 Appendix 5
162
Table 5.17 AE 6 Appendix 5
163
Table 5.10 IN 10 Appendix 5
164
Table 5.6 IN 3 Appendix 5
165
Table 5.1 EL 2 Appendix 5
166
Table 5.15 EL 4 Appendix 5
167
Table 5.1 AE 2 Appendix 5
168
Table 5.8 AE 7 Appendix 5
169
Table 5.10 IN 5 Appendix 5
170
Table 5.14 IN 3 Appendix 5
171
Table 5.5 EL 2 Appendix 5
172
Table 5.8 EL 7 Appendix 5
c by thanking and mentioning the imposition
AEs : 1. Thank you for making the time to meet with me.
173
2. Thanks for taking the time to repair my laptop.
174
INs : 1. Terima kasih banyak untuk waktu yang telah diluangkan . ‗Thank
you so much for the time that had been spent.‘
175
2. Terimakasih banyak ya Prof. Umar sudah mau meluangkan waktu untuk saya.
‗Thank you Prof. Umar for making the time ...‘
176
ELs : 1. Thank you very much for your time, Prof.Wierzbicka.
177
2. Thank you very much for making time to meet me ....
178
2. Appreciation
a by using the word appreciate without elaboration
AEs : 1. I really appreciate it.
179
2. I really appreciate you allowing me to take the exam another....
180
ELs : 1. I really appreciate your kindness to put me in your schedule.
181
2. I really appreciate your kind help.
182
b by using the word appreciate and mentioning imposition caused by the
favor
173
Table 5.3 AE 7 Appendix 5
174
Table 5.15 AE 2 Appendix 5
175
Table 5.3 IN 5 Appendix 5
176
Table 5.3 IN 1Appendix 5
177
Table 5.3 EL 2 Appendix 5
178
Table 5.3 EL 9 Appendix 5
179
Table 5.3 AE 2 Appendix 5
180
Table 5.5 AE 2 Appendix 5
181
Table 5.3 EL 6 Appendix 5
182
Table 5.5 EL 7 Appendix 5
AE : I really appreciate you taking the time to let me interview you for my research paper.
183
IN : Saya sangat menghargai waktu yang telah anda luangkan. ‗I really
appreciate your time that you have spent ‘
184
EL : I really appreciate you were sparing time for me.
185
3. Positive feelings
a by expressing a positive reaction to the favor giver hearer
AEs : 1.You just saved like my whole semester
186
2. You saved my entire semester. You are an angel
187
INs : 1. Senang dapat berdiskusi dengan Prof . Umar. ‗It is a pleasure to
have a discussion with Prof.Umar.‘
188
2. Baguuuss lu emang yang terbaik. ‗Baguuuss you are the best‘
189
ELs : 1. You‘re my knight in shining armor.
190
2. You were so kind letting me using the book first.
191
b by expressing a positive reaction to the object of the favor
AEs : 1. It‘ll be so helpful
192
2. Id not be finishing that paper without that book
193
183
Table 5.3 AE 4 Appendix 5
184
Table 5.15 IN 7 Appendix 5
185
Table 5.3 EL 3 Appendix 5
186
Table 5.15 AE 3 Appendix 5
187
Table 5.4 AE 1 Appendix 5
188
Table 5.3 IN 5 Appendix 5
189
Table 5.15 IN 6 Appendix 5
190
Table 5.9 EL 8 Appendix 5
191
Table 5.14 EL 1 Appendix 5
192
Table 5.3 AE 3 Appendix 5
193
Table 5.14 AE 3 Appendix 5
INs : 1. Hasil wawancara ini sangat membantu untuk makalah penelitian saya.
‗This interview will be so helpful for my research paper.‘
194
2. Buku-buku ini sangat berarti untuk saya. ‗These books mean a lot
for me‘
195
ELs : 1.This interview is very significant for the progress of my research.
196
2. This interview is very important for my future study.
197
c by expressing a positive reaction to the outcome of the favor
AEs : 1. I will let you know how the books you recommended work out.
198
2. Would you like for me to send you a copy of my research paper to see what my findings were in the report?
199
EL : I look forward to share the result with you, good or bad.
200
4. Apology
a by using apologizing words i.e., sorry or apologize
AE : Im so sorry
201
INs : Sori yak ‗I am sorry‘
202
Sori is non-standard form of Sorry. b
by using apologizing words i.e., sorry or apologize and stating the favor or the fact
194
Table 5.3 IN 1 Appendix 5
195
Table 5.4 IN 10 Appendix 5
196
Table 5.3 EL 3 Appendix 5
197
Table 5.5 EL 1 Appendix 5
198
Table 5.8 AE 10 Appendix 5
199
Table 5.3 AE 1 Appendix 5
200
Table 5.5 EL 10 Appendix 5
201
Table 5.2 AE 3 Appendix 5
202
Table 5.11 IN 5 Appendix 5
AEs : 1. Sorry for spacing and not bring my wallet.
203
2. I‘m so sorry I forgot my wallet
204
IN : Maaf sekali atas kecerobohan saya hari ini.
‗Sorry for my carelessness today‘
205
c by using apologizing words i.e., sorry or apologize and mentioning the
imposition caused by the favor INs : 1. Mohon maaf saya jadi merepotkan
.
‗I‘m sorry for troubling .‘
206
2. Maaf sebelumnya jika saya mengganggu. ‗I‘m sorry if I have
caused you at inconvenience‘
207
ELs : 1. I am so sorry for taking your time, Prof. Wierzbicka.
208
2. I am very sorry if I have troubled you and for all of the inconvenience that I might have caused.
209
d by criticizing or blaming oneself
AE : It is ironic that I had to borrow a pen from you since I am supposed to be your mentor, but everyone forgets things sometimes ....
210
IN : Saya memang suka pikun. ‗I‘m just frequently senile‘
211
EL : Silly me, leaving my wallet at home in such an important day like this.
212
203
Table 5.12 AE 1 Appendix 5
204
Table 5.12 AE 5 Appendix 5
205
Table 5.2 IN 6 Appendix 5
206
Table 5.2 IN 2 Appendix 5
207
Table 5.3 IN 8 Appendix 5
208
Table 5.3 EL 1 Appendix 5
209
Table 5.3 EL 10 Appendix 5
210
Table 5.1 AE 10 Appendix 5
211
Table 5.4 IN 9 Appendix 5
e by expressing embarrassment
AE : I am embarrassed that I forgot my wallet.
213
5. Recognition of imposition
a by acknowledging the imposition
AEs : 1. I understand how busy your schedule is.
214
2. I hope it wasnt too much of an inconvenience
215
INs : 1. Saya jadi nggak enak merepotkan. ‗I feel unpleasant for
troubling‘
216
2. Padahal sibuk banget tapi masih nyempetin . ‗Although very busy
but still made time.‘
217
ELs : 1. I know that you have been very busy these days.
218
2. I know you were busy but still made time for me.
219
b by stating the need for the favor
AEs : 1. This opportunity to study abroad is something I have been looking forward to ever since I started my studies here.
220
2. I really needed that and couldnt do it on my own
221
INs : 1. Sungguh saya tidak bermaksud meninggalkan kesan bahwa mata
212
Table 5.2 EL 10 Appendix 5
213
Table 5.12 AE 10 Appendix 5
214
Table 5.3 AE 10 Appendix 5
215
Table 5.3 AE 5 Appendix 5
216
Table 5.2 IN 9 Appendix 5
217
Table 5.9 IN 1 Appendix 5
218
Table 5.3 EL 3 Appendix 5
219
Table 5.3 EL 8 Appendix 5
220
Table 5.5 AE 1 Appendix 5
221
Table 5.9 AE 4 Appendix 5
kuliah anda bukanlah menjadi prioritas bagi saya. Tetapi saya terlahir jenius, kesempatan beasiswa yang saya terima adalah
suatu berkah sekaligus kutukan. ‗I do not mean to make a sense
that your course is unimportant. However I was born as a genius, the scholarship I accepted is a blessing and a curse.‘
222
2. Saya kira bukunya hilang pak. ‗I guess this book was lost, Mr.‘
223
ELs : 1. I wouldnt have had finished my research paper if you did not let me interview you.
224
2. I was looking for this everywhere
225
6. Repayment
a by offering or promising service, money, food or goods
AEs : 1. I will pay you back the next time I see you
226
2. Ill get our next meal
227
INs : 1. Insya Allah besok akan saya ganti uang bapak. ‗God willing I will
pay Mr.‘s money tomorrow.‘
228
2. Kalau nggak keberatan mau saya traktir makan yuk . ‗If you do
not mind, let me treat you for some food‘
229
ELs : 1. I will change your money tomorrow. Would you like me to
222
Table 5.5 IN 7 Appendix 5
223
Table 5.4 IN 2 Appendix 5
224
Table 5.3 EL 10 Appendix 5
225
Table 5.4 EL 5 Appendix 5
226
Table 5.2 AE 2 Appendix 5
227
Table 5.12 AE 3 Appendix 5
228
Table 5.2 IN 4 Appendix 5
229
Table 5.9 IN 4 Appendix 5
transfer to your bank account? Or would you like me to stop by at your office and hand you a cash?
230
2. I will be buying you for the next lunch
231
b by indicating hisher indebtedness
IN : Aku pinjam dulu ya. ‗I owe you‘
232
ELs : 1. I do owe you.
233
2. I owe you one.
234
c by promising future self-restraint or self-improvement
IN : Saya akan berusaha mendapatkan hasil yang sempurna di ujian ini.
‗I will try to get the perfect result on the exam.‘
235
EL : I promise that I will do my best on the exam.
236
7. Other
a Here statement
AEs : 1. Heres your pen back
237
2. Its all yours now
238
INs : 1. Sinta ini pulpenmu yang saya pinjam. ‗Sinta here is your pen that I
lent ‘
239
230
Table 5.2 EL 3 Appendix 5
231
Table 5.12 EL 1 Appendix 5
232
Table 5.12 IN 2 Appendix 5
233
Table 5.12 EL 7 Appendix 5
234
Table 5.15 EL 4 Appendix 5
235
Table 5.5 IN 1 Appendix 5
236
Table 5.5 EL 3 Appendix 5
237
Table 5.1 AE 3 Appendix 5
238
Table 5.7 AE 8 Appendix 5
2. Kukembalikan buku kamu. ‗I return back your book.‘
240
EL : Here‘s your pen.
241
b Small talk
AEs : 1. I am interested in these books because I see this as potential career path.
242
2. You know how school and books go.
243
INs : 1. Oh ya nama kamu siapa? ‗Oh ya what is your name?‘
244
2. Saya sering bosan di perjalanan menuju kampus, itu sebabnya saya membawa kertas origami ini.
‗I frequently feel saturated when I am on my way to campus, hence I bring these origami
papers.‘
245
ELs : 1. Im sorry I havent introduced myself all this time. Im Q.
246
2. Where did you get it I wanna find a copy for myself.
247
c Leaving-taking
AE : I‘ll see you tomorrow.
248
INs : 1. Semoga ketemu lagi dilain kesempatan. ‗Hope we can meet in the
other time.‘
249
239
Table 5.1 IN 2 Appendix 5
240
Table 5.7 IN 5 Appendix 5
241
Table 5.1 EL 5 Appendix 5
242
Table 5.10 AE 1 Appendix 5
243
Table 5.2 AE 1 Appendix 5
244
Table 5.17 IN 1 Appendix 5
245
Table 5.17 IN 7 Appendix 5
246
Table 5.11 EL 2 Appendix 5
247
Table 5.7 EL 8 Appendix 5
248
Table 5.2 AE 1 Appendix 5
249
Table 5.3 IN 2 Appendix 5
2. Kalau begitu saya pamit dulu, selamat siang ‗Thus, I have to go,
have a good day‘
250
ELs : 1. Anyway, have a great day
251
2. Have a good day
252
d Joking
AE : That would have taken me forever haha.
253
INs : Jika aku menambahkan gula terlalu banyak, aku tinggal melihat wajahmu.
‗If I want to get more sugar, I just see your face‘
254
EL : I will keep this paper for my whole entire life
255
8. Alerter
a Attention getter
AEs : hey
256
; oh my gosh
257
; oh my god
258
; wow
259
; awesome
260
; great
261
INs : oh
262
; baik ‗well‘
263
; wah ‗whoa‘
264
, oh ya ‗oh yes‘
265
; hai ‗hey‘
266
ELs : oh
267
; omg ‗abb of oh my god‘
268
; hey
269
; hoo
270
, yes
271
; ow
272
250
Table 5.3 IN 7 Appendix 5
251
Table 5.13 EL 10 Appendix 5
252
Table 5.4 EL 1 Appendix 5
253
Table 5.13 AE 4 Appendix 5
254
Table 5.16 IN 7 Appendix 5
255
Table 5.18 EL 10 Appendix 5
256
Table 5.1 AE 2 Appendix 5
257
Table 5.1 AE 8 Appendix 5
258
Table 5.4 AE 1 Appendix 5
259
Table 5.4 AE 4 Appendix 5
260
Table 5.4 AE 3 Appendix 5
261
Table 5.8 AE 1 Appendix 5
262
Table 5.4 IN 1 Appendix 5
263
Table 5.8 IN 3 Appendix 5
264
Table 5.9 IN 9 Appendix 5
265
Table 5.11 IN 1 Appendix 5
266
Table 5.17 IN 4 Appendix 5
267
Table 5.4 EL 3 Appendix 5
268
Table 5.3 EL 8 Appendix 5
b Title
AE : Professor
273
INs :Prof ‗abb of Professor‘
274
; Pak ‗Mr‘
275
; Bapak ‗Mr.‘
276
; Bu ‗ma‘am‘
277
ELs : Prof.
278
; Professor
279
; Dr.
280
; Sir
281
c Name including first names, surnames or endearment terms
AEs : Jennie
282
; Clooney
283
; Sally
284
; Brother
285
; Buddy
286
; Girl
287
;boss
288
INs : Sinta
289
; Budak ‗slave‘
290
; Dek ‗brother‘
291
; Bro ‗abb of brother
292
‘ ELs : Jennie
293
; Man
294
269
Table 5.7 EL 5 Appendix 5
270
Table 5.9 EL 1 Appendix 5
271
Table 5.10 EL 1 Appendix 5
272
Table 5.17 EL 2 Appendix 5
273
Table 5.2 AE 5 Appendix 5
274
Table 5.2 IN 1 Appendix 5
275
Table 5.2 IN 3 Appendix 5
276
Table 5.2 IN 2 Appendix 5
277
Table 5.5 IN 2 Appendix 5
278
Table 5.3 EL 1 Appendix 5
279
Table 5.3 EL 6 Appendix 5
280
Table 5.3 EL 10 Appendix 5
281
Table 5.13EL 2 Appendix 5
282
Table 5.1 AE 10 Appendix 5
283
Table 5.2 AE 10 Appendix 5
284
Table 5.6 AE 8 Appendix 5
285
Table 5.7 AE 1 Appendix 5
286
Table 5.11AE 1 Appendix 5
287
Table 5.12 AE 1 Appendix 5
288
Table 5.18 AE 1 Appendix 5
289
Table 5.1 IN 5 Appendix 5
290
Table 5.6 IN 7 Appendix 5
291
Table 5.7 IN 4 Appendix 5
292
Table 5.7 IN 8 Appendix 5
293
Table 5.1 EL 8 Appendix 5
294
Table 5.7 EL 3 Appendix 5
B. Comparison of Expressions of Gratitude by Situations
Kategori