Situation 17: Taking scattered papers +S, -I, =F Situation 18: Giving a paper +S, -I, +F

address the classmate. 393 In contrast, more than half of AEs simply express thanking in the sub category of using the word ‗thank‘ when they get the sugar. 394 There are only two AEs who use the other strategies, besides thanking strategy, in conveying their expressions of gratitude in responding to situation 16. One Indian and Caucasian AE is the only AE who ends his gratitude by endearment term ‗man‘ after he expresses thanking strategy: ―Thanks man.‖ 395 Similar to INs, in accompanying their use of thanking strategy, more than half of ELs use alerter in the subcategory of name to address the classmate. 396 After taking the sugar, one Buginese EL expresses thanking and addresses the classmate by mentioning his name: ―Thank you very much, Ron.‖ 397 17. Situation 17: Taking scattered papers +S, -I, =F In this situation, every expression of gratitude is made by a person in higher-status senior student to a person in a lower-status junior student as response to the high-imposition favor. Situated as a senior student, every participant is asked to give response to a junior student, whom the senior does not know at all, for taking the scattered papers of the senior student. After getting the papers back, what is commonly expressed by all AEs, INs, and ELs to the freshman is thanking strategy. 398 In this situation, thanking is the only strategy which is used by more than half of AEs, INs, and ELs. In responding to this 393 Table 5.16 IN 1-2, and 4-8 Appendix 5 394 Table 5.16 AE 2-9 Appendix 5 395 Table 5.16 AE 1 Appendix 5 396 Table 5.16 EL 1-3, 6-8, and 10 Appendix 5 397 Table 5.16 EL 2 Appendix 5 398 Table 5.17 AE 1-10, IN 1-10, and EL 1-10 Appendix 5 situation, coming from ethnic groups and states in the US, more than half of AEs simply express thanking strategy to the freshman. 399 Three AEs use the other strategies to accompany thanking strategy. 400 One Indian and Caucasian AE addresses the freshman with endearment term and states his appreciation to the favor after he expresses thanking strategy: ―Thanks man. I appreciate it. ‖ 401 Similar to AEs, coming from ethnic groups and states in Indonesia, more than half of INs simply express thanking strategy. 402 Four INs use the other strategies to complete thanking strategy. 403 Similar to AEs and INs, more than half of ELs simply express thanking strategy to the freshman. 404 18. Situation 18: Giving a paper +S, -I, +F In this situation, every expression of gratitude is made by a person in higher-status senior student to a person in a lower-status junior student as response to the high-imposition favor. Situated as a senior student, every participant is asked to give response to a junior student, whom the senior knows very well, for giving a paper. After getting the paper, what is commonly expressed by more than half of AEs, INs, and ELs to the junior student is thanking strategy by using the word ‗thank‘. 405 In accompanying thanking strategy, more than half of INs use at least one alerter strategy in the subcategory of name to address the 399 Table 5.17 AE 2, and 4-9 Appendix 5 400 Table 5.17 AE 1, 3, and 10 Appendix 5 401 Table 5.17 AE 1 Appendix 5 402 Table 5.17 IN 2-3, 5, 8-10 Appendix 5 403 Table 5.17 IN 1, 4, 6-7 Appendix 5 404 Table 5.17 EL 1 and 5-9 Appendix 5 405 Table 5.18 AE 1-10, IN 1-10, and EL 1-10 Appendix 5 junior student. 406 In contrast, more than half of AEs simply express thanking strategy to the junior student. 407 In this case, similar to INs, in accompanying the use of thanking strategy, more than half of ELs use at least one alerter strategy in the subcategory of name to address the junior student. 408

C. Comparison of Expressions of Gratitude by Native Speakers of American