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2.9. Mood and Residue
It was stated that clauses simultaneously encode three strands of meaning: ideational, textual and interpersonal. The interpersonal meaning is
realized in the lexicogrammar through selections from the system of MOOD. Here we shall begin focusing on the MOOD system. If a speaker gives us
information, he or she is inherently inviting us to receive information. If the speaker offers us goods and services, he or she is inviting us to receive those
goods and services. However, if she or he demands information, inherently we are invited to give information. If he or she demands some goods and
services of us, we are invited to render the service or provide the goods. Eggins 1994:150 portrays the diagram of mood as follows:
Commodity Exchanged Speech Role
Information Goods and Services
Giving Statement Offer
Demanding Question Command
As the table shows, the four basic move types of statement, question, offer and command are what Halliday refers to as speech function. Every starting
move in dialogue must be one or the other of these speech functions, and each speech function involves both a speech role and a commodity choice.
2.9.1. The Mood Element
There are two basic mood elements such as: subject and finite element. The subject is realized by nominal group. The finite is the part of verbal
phrase. Eggins 1994:136 divides the elements of mood into three
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categories namely an expression of polarity, a nominal type element and verbal. The following are the examples of moods:
1. It wasn’t John
It wasn’t John
Subject Finite Residue
Mood
2. That will never come off there
As the above examples show, the finite element is one of the small numbers of verbal operators expressing tense, modality and polarity.
2.9.2. The Finite element
The second essential constituent of the mood element is the Finite. Halliday in Eggins 1994:157 states that the function of finite is to anchor
the proposition. It is used to make the proposition definite. The finite element is the second part of mood element. The following exemplified the
finite element in the mood system. 1.
Henry Ford built his first car in his backyard Henry
Ford built his
first car
in his
backyard Subject Finitepast
Predicator Complement Adjunct
Mood Residue That
Will never Come off there
Subject Finite Residue
Mood
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2.9.3. The Residue Element
There are three elements in residue elements namely the predicator, complement and circumstance. Gerot and Wignel 1994:31 mention that
the predicator is the verb part of the clause, the bit which tells what’s doing, happening or being. The preceding quotation states that the predicator
portrays the actions conducted in the clause. The following are the examples of finite element.
1. I’m reading a novel
I ‘m
reading a novel
Subject Finite Predicator Complement Mood Residue
2. Simon is playing football
Simon is playing
football Subject Finite Predicator Complement
Mood Residue
The second part of residue element is the complement. Eggins 1994:163 defines a complement as a non-essential participant in the clause. The
complement is placed within the residue because it does not have the potential to be the subject. The following clause exemplifies the
complement within the residue. 1.
Nuris reads “ The David Copperfield” Nuris reads
“The David
Copperfield” Subject Finite Predicator
Complement Mood Residue
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2. Nani breaks her marriage
Nani breaks her
marriage Subject Finite Predicator
Complement Mood Residue
The third component within the residue is circumstance adjunct. An adjunct also does not have the potential to be the subject. Thus, it belongs to residue
system. An adjunct usually consists of adverb or preposition. The adjuncts are exemplified in the following clauses.
1. They can’t do that these days
They can’t do
that these
days Subject Finite
Predicator Complement Adjunct:Circumstantial
Mood Residue
2. You read books for fun
You read books
for fun
Subject Finite Predicator Complement
Adjunct:Circumstantial Mood Residue
2.10. Theme and Rheme The rest of context of situation component is the Theme and Rheme.
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