we must do what America does best [+prop] The brave Americans serving our nation today [+ten]

Table 4.4. Judgement in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address No Appraising Items Judgement Appraised Place 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 - boldly - able - must - must - must - must - must - must - must - must - can - must - must - will not - will - brave - must - must - must - can - heroic - must - must +ten +cap +prop +prop +prop +prop +prop +prop +prop +prop +cap +prop +prop -ten +ten +ten +prop +prop +prop +cap +prop +prop +prop The founding fathers Americans Americans American democracy Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans American people Americans Americans American diplomats and soldiers Americans Clinton’s fellow Americans Americans America Americans Americans Americans 2 17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 31 32 33 38 39 41 42 48 49 51 53 55 55 56 The table shows that there are 23 judgement appraising items in the text. The judgement elements consist of 16 propriety, 4 tenacity, and 3 capacity. Below are examples of propriety: 1. …we must answer the call. [+prop] 2. America’s long heroic journey must go forever upward [+prop] 3. we must do what America does best [+prop] Tenacity is the second most dominant sub-system of judgement. Below are examples 1. But it can be done and done fairly [+ten] 2. we will work to save change…[+ten] 3. The brave Americans serving our nation today [+ten] p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara The examples of capacity are as follows 1. …Americans who are able to compete…[+cap] 2. …that our nation can summon from its myriad diversity…[+cap] Table 4.5. Affect in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address No Appraising Items Affect Appraised Place 1 2 3 4 - fearsome - restless, -questing, - hopeful -sec -hap -sec +des Challenges facing Americans Americans Americans Americans 19 20 20 20 As can be seen in the affect table above, there are only 4 affect appraising elements in the text. Three of the four items of affect are in the same clause, which is: “ Americans have ever been restless [-hap], questing [-sec], hopeful [+des] people”. The fourth item is in the following clause: “the challenges facing us are fearsome” Table 4.6. Appreciation in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address No Appraising Items Appreciation Appraised Place 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 - mystery - timeless - triumphed - unrivaled - …strongest… - weakened - slowly - instantaneously - global - mobile - almost magical - universal - peaceful - profound and powerful - urgent - drifted - fearsome - not easy - sacrifice -comp +val +reac +val +val -val -val +val +reac +reac +reac +reac +reac +val +val -reac -reac neg +comp +val American renewal Americans mission Americans steadfastness and sacrifice America prosperity America’s economy America’s economy Spreading of news in the past How presidential inauguration broadcasted Communications and commerce Investment technology Ambition for a better life Competition among Americans Forces shaping the world Questions in Clinton’s time Americans Challenges facing Americans American struggle American struggle 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 28 29 p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 - can be done - beautiful - endlessly - old - new - free… - Clearly - new - testament… - great - new… - unmistakable - historic - simple - powerful - ennobled - myriad - deepest - infused… +comp +reac -reac -reac +reac +reac +comp -reac +reac +reac -reac +comp + reac +comp +val +val -reac +val +val American struggle Washington, The capital of USA Powerful people who worries CommunismUSSR America America That America must continue lead the world America American diplomats and soldiers Americans strength Americans ideas The voice of American democracy Voters of Clinton Americans need each other Americans need each other The idea of America The diversity in America Unity The idea of unity 30 34 35 36 37 37 38 40 43 44 45 46 47 50 50 52 53 53 54 The table above shows that the number of appraisal appraising items in the text is 38, consisting of 17 reaction, 15 valuation, and 6 composition. The most dominant sub-system of appreciation in the text is the reaction. Some of the examples of reaction are: 1. …whose steadfastness and sacrifice triumphed over Depression, Fascism, and Communism. [+reac] 2. Powerful people…worry endlessly about who is in and who is out [-reac] 3. You have raised your voice in an unmistakable chorus [+reac] The next dominant element is the valuation, some examples of which are as follows: 1. Though we march to the music of our time, our mission is timeless [+val] 2. …our nation can summon from its myriad diversity…[-val] 3. …a simple but powerful truth—we need each other [+val] Table 4.6. Continued p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara There are only three composition in the text, they are: 1. It will not be easy [neg +comp] 2. Clearly, America must continue to lead…[+comp] 3. …a simple but powerful truth—we need each other [+comp] As the three tables above show, the most dominant sub-system of attitude in the text is appreciation. The second most dominant is the judgement and the least dominant is the affect. The data in the three tables is converted into the following figure, showing the network of each of the sub-systems of attitude as they are found in the inaugural address text. positive hopeful Disinclination negative - positive - Unhappiness negative restless positive - Insecurity negative fearsome, questing positive - Affect Dissatisfaction negative - positive - Normality negative - positive boldly, will, brave Tenacity negative will not positive able, can Social Esteem Capacity negative can’t, positive - Veracity negative - positive must, heroic, Judgement Social Sanction Propriety negative - p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara positive triumphed, global, mobile, almost magical, universal, peaceful, new, free, testament, great, historic, Reaction negative drifted, fearsome, endlessly, old, new, myriad positive can be done, not easy, clearly, unmistakable, simple Composition negative mystery positive timeless, unrivaled, strongest, instantaneously, profound and powerful, urgent, sacrifice, powerful, ennobled, deepest, infused Appreciation Valuation negative weakened, slowly, Figure 4.2. The Networks of Affect, Judgement, and Appreciation in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address 4.1.2.2. Attitude in Clinton’s second inaugural address Clinton’s second inaugural address was delivered on January 20, 1997. The following are the tables that show the attitude appraising items in the speech. Because there are no attitude appraising items in the text, there are only two tables for the two existing sub-systems in the text. Table 4.7. Judgement in Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address No Appraising Items Judgement Appraised Place 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 - must - well - must - cannot - must - must - cannot, - will not - shall - shall - will - will - can - must - will - will - will - will - will +prop +cap +prop -cap +prop +prop -cap -ten +ten +ten +ten +ten +cap +prop +ten +ten +ten +ten +ten Americans the comprehension of American predecessors American government American government American government Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans the naturalness of Americas division rewards Americans Americans Americans parents and children Americans Americans Americans 3 22 24 26 27 29 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 47 48 51 52 53 55 p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 - will - will - will - will - surely - bickering… - must - must +ten +ten +ten +ten +ver -prop +prop +prop American children America Americans Americans American politicians American politicians America’s life Americans 57 58 61 65 66 66 68 69 The table above shows that there are 27 appraising items of judgement found in the text. The appraising items consist of 14 tenacity, 8 propriety, 4 capacity, and 1 veracity. The most dominant sub-system of judgement in the text is tenacity, examples of which are below 1. …we will redeem the promise of America [+ten] 2. …we will not succumb to the dark impulses… [-ten] 3. …the people will always speak louder… [+ten] The next element of judgement is the propriety. Below are the examples. 1. …the politics of petty bickering [+prop] 2. …the journey of our America must go on… [+prop] 3. …we must be strong…[+prop] Capacity and Veracity are the least existing examples of judgement; they are: 1. …our founders understood that well [+cap] 2. We cannot…succumb to the dark impulses [-cap] 3. …we can already see its broad outlines [+cap] 4. Surely, they did not do this to…[+ver] Table 4.7. Continued p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 4.8. Appreciation in Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address No Appraising Items Appreciation Appraised Place 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 - great good - bright new - land of new promise - bold - awful - mightiest… - great - unrivaled - free - limitless - less certain… - clear - indispensable… - the strongest - safer - record - great - not problem - not the solution - the solution - strong…flexible… - pre-eminent - greatest - …curse - have destroyed - fractured - rich texture - broad - mystical - commonplace - close at hand - no…divided - growing - remarkable - awful - prized - highest - miracles - mighty - strong - world’s greatest democracy - the world’s most +reac +reac +reac -reac -reac +reac +val +reac +reac +reac -comp +val +reac +reac +reac +reac neg –reac neg –reac neg -reac +reac +val +reac -reac -reac -reac -comp +reac -comp -val +reac +reac +reac +reac +reac -val +val +val +reac +reac +val +val +val the fact that Americans live in prospective time prospects had by Americans at Clintons time America Conviction of equality of men slavery America America’s middle class people Americas schools Americans Americans potentials the future in Clinton’s time the course of America America America’s economy American street at Clinton’s time number of jobless-turned-worker Americans debate over the role of government government government Americans American democracy mission of Americas government Americans responsibility segregation segregation countries dealing with internal division the naturalness of Americas division the outline of new era internet before Clinton’s time internet at Clinton’s time cure for terrible diseases the world connections of commerce 20 th century bloodshed in 20 th century education standard of American schools breakthroughs in Medical field Americans Americans defense against terror America America 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 25 28 30 31 32 37 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 49 50 54 55 56 58 59 p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 productive economy - great - majestic - the greatest progress - moved… - ceaseless - timeless - great…different - bridge… - beloved - perfect - bright flame +reac +val +val +reac +reac +reac -reac +reac +reac +comp +reac American natural resource America land Americans spirit of equality Martin Luther King’s speech Americans striving the truth in Bernardin’s words demands in Clinton’s time Clintons era of presidency America Americans union Americans spirit of freedom 60 60 62 63 64 67 70 71 72 73 74 The table above shows that the number of the appraising items belonging in the appreciation is 53 items, consisting of 37 reaction, 12 valuation, and 4 composition. The most dominant sub-system of the appreciation in the text is the reaction. The following are some of the examples 1. Americans produced a great middle class [+reac] 2. The demands of our time are great…[-reac] The second most dominant sub-system is the valuation. Below are examples. 1. A nation that fortifies the world’s most productive economy [+val] 2. the greatest progress we made [+val] 3. …and the majestic land [+val] The least dominant sub-system is the composition, examples of which are as follows. 1. to set a clear course to renew our nation. [+comp] 2. the Internet was a mystical province of physicist…[-comp] 3. …today, it is a commonplace [-comp] From the two tables above, it can be concluded that there are only two sub- systems found in this text of Clinton’s second inaugural address. The more dominant Table 4.8. Continued p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara sub-system in the inaugural text is the appreciation 53 items and the less dominant is the judgement 27 items. There is not one example of affect found in the text, which is interesting as it naturally supports the common presumption of the ‘ objective’-ness and the ‘formal’-ness of political speeches. However, a more detailed exposition in the discussion part of this chapter will show that this is not exactly the case. It is only safe to say that based only on the two tables, the common presumption of the un-emotional-ness of political speeches is seemingly approved. The data in the three tables above is translated into the following figure, showing the network of each of the sub-systems of attitude as they are found in the inaugural address text. positive - Disinclination negative - positive - Unhappiness negative - positive - Insecurity negative - positive - Affect Dissatisfaction negative - positive - Normality negative - positive will Tenacity negative will not positive well, can, Social Esteem Capacity negative cannot, positive surely Veracity negative - positive must, Judgement Social Sanction Propriety negative bickering p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara positive great good, bright new, land of new promise, bold, mightiest, unrivaled, free, limitless, indispensable, the strongest, safer, record, great, not problem, the solution, pre-eminent, rich texture, commonplace, close at hand, no…divided, growing, remarkable, miracles, mighty, great, moved, ceaseless, bridge, beloved, bright flame Reaction negative awful, not the solution, greatest, curse, have…destroyed, great…different, positive perfect, Composition negative less certain, fractured, broad, positive great, clear, strong…flexible, prized, highest, strong, world’s greatest democracy, the world’s most productive, majestic, the greatest progress, Appreciation Valuation negative mystical, awful Figure 4.3. The Networks of Affect, Judgement, and Appreciation in Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address

4.1.3. Attitude in Bush Junior’s Inaugural Addresses

George Walker Bush or Bush Junior was elected twice as the president of America the first being in 2001 and the second 2004; therefore there are two inaugural addresses of his that are analysed in this thesis. 4.1.3.1. Attitude in Bush Junior’s first inaugural address Bush Jr’s first inaugural address was delivered on January 20, 2001. The following is the table displaying the appraisal elements he used in the speech. Table 4.9. Affect in Bush Jr’s First Inaugural Address No Appraising Items Affect Appraised Place 1 - honored… + sat Bush Jr 4 The table above shows that there is only one appraising item of affect found in the text. The item is in the 4th of the clauses containing appraisals, which reads: “I am honored...” [+sat]. p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 4.10. Judgement in Bush Jr’s First Inaugural Address No Appraising Items Judgement Appraised Place 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 -distinguished - flawed…fallible -guided… -bound… - must - courageous - must - must - will - will - will - will - will - should - will - will - will - will - compassionate - not at fault - not strangers, … - not problems - do not know - commitments - will - generous, strong, decent - just and generous +prop -prop +ver +prop +prop + ten + prop + prop + ten + ten + ten + ten + ten + prop + ten + ten + ten + ten + prop neg - prop neg –norm neg –norm neg +cap + ten +ten +prop + prop Guests at the Inauguration Americans Americans Americans Americans America Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans Americans America children at risk Americans in need Americans in need Ignorant Americans Bush Junior Bush Junior America America 1 8 18 19 22 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 43 44 47 49 50 52 56 It can be seen from the table above that there 27 appraising items of judgement found in the text. The 27 items are distributed into 12 tenacity, 11 propriety, 2 normality, 1 veracity and 1 capacity. The most dominant sub-system of appreciation is tenacity, examples of which are below. 1. …America, at its best, is also courageous. [+ten] 2. …children and community are the commitments that set us free [+ten]