we must do what America does best [+prop] The brave Americans serving our nation today [+ten]
Table 4.4. Judgement in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address
No Appraising Items
Judgement Appraised
Place
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 - boldly
- able - must
- must - must
- must - must
- must - must
- must - can
- must - must
- will not - will
- brave - must
- must - must
- can - heroic
- must - must
+ten +cap
+prop +prop
+prop +prop
+prop +prop
+prop +prop
+cap +prop
+prop -ten
+ten +ten
+prop +prop
+prop +cap
+prop +prop
+prop The founding fathers
Americans Americans
American democracy Americans
Americans Americans
Americans Americans
Americans Americans
Americans American people
Americans Americans
American diplomats and soldiers Americans
Clinton’s fellow Americans Americans
America Americans
Americans Americans
2 17
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 31
32 33
38 39
41 42
48 49
51 53
55 55
56
The table shows that there are 23 judgement appraising items in the text. The judgement elements consist of 16 propriety, 4 tenacity, and 3 capacity. Below are
examples of propriety:
1. …we must answer the call. [+prop] 2. America’s long heroic journey must go forever upward [+prop]
3. we must do what America does best [+prop]
Tenacity is the second most dominant sub-system of judgement. Below are examples
1. But it can be done and done fairly [+ten] 2. we will work to save change…[+ten]
3. The brave Americans serving our nation today [+ten]
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The examples of capacity are as follows
1. …Americans who are able to compete…[+cap] 2. …that our nation can summon from its myriad diversity…[+cap]
Table 4.5. Affect in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address
No Appraising Items
Affect Appraised
Place
1 2
3 4
- fearsome - restless,
-questing, - hopeful
-sec -hap
-sec +des
Challenges facing Americans Americans
Americans Americans
19 20
20 20
As can be seen in the affect table above, there are only 4 affect appraising elements in the text. Three of the four items of affect are in the same clause, which is:
“
Americans have ever been restless [-hap], questing [-sec], hopeful [+des] people”. The fourth item is in the following clause: “the challenges facing us are fearsome”
Table 4.6. Appreciation in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address
No Appraising Items
Appreciation Appraised
Place
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 - mystery
- timeless - triumphed
- unrivaled - …strongest…
- weakened - slowly
- instantaneously - global
- mobile - almost magical
- universal - peaceful
- profound and powerful - urgent
- drifted - fearsome
- not easy - sacrifice
-comp +val
+reac +val
+val -val
-val +val
+reac +reac
+reac +reac
+reac +val
+val -reac
-reac neg +comp
+val American renewal
Americans mission Americans steadfastness and
sacrifice America prosperity
America’s economy America’s economy
Spreading of news in the past How presidential inauguration
broadcasted Communications and commerce
Investment technology
Ambition for a better life Competition among Americans
Forces shaping the world Questions in Clinton’s time
Americans Challenges facing Americans
American struggle American struggle
1 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11
12 13
14 15
16 18
19 28
29
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20 21
22 23
24 25
26 27
28 29
30 31
32 33
34 35
36 37
38 - can be done
- beautiful - endlessly
- old - new
- free… - Clearly
- new - testament…
- great - new…
- unmistakable - historic
- simple - powerful
- ennobled - myriad
- deepest - infused…
+comp +reac
-reac -reac
+reac +reac
+comp -reac
+reac +reac
-reac +comp
+ reac +comp
+val +val
-reac +val
+val American struggle
Washington, The capital of USA Powerful people who worries
CommunismUSSR America
America That America must continue
lead the world America
American diplomats and soldiers Americans strength
Americans ideas The voice of American
democracy Voters of Clinton
Americans need each other Americans need each other
The idea of America The diversity in America
Unity The idea of unity
30 34
35 36
37 37
38 40
43 44
45 46
47 50
50 52
53 53
54
The table above shows that the number of appraisal appraising items in the text is 38, consisting of 17 reaction, 15 valuation, and 6 composition.
The most dominant sub-system of appreciation in the text is the reaction. Some of the examples of reaction are:
1. …whose steadfastness and sacrifice triumphed over Depression, Fascism, and Communism. [+reac]
2. Powerful people…worry endlessly about who is in and who is out [-reac] 3. You have raised your voice in an unmistakable chorus [+reac]
The next dominant element is the valuation, some examples of which are as follows:
1. Though we march to the music of our time, our mission is timeless [+val] 2. …our nation can summon from its myriad diversity…[-val]
3. …a simple but powerful truth—we need each other [+val] Table 4.6. Continued
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There are only three composition in the text, they are:
1. It will not be easy [neg +comp] 2. Clearly, America must continue to lead…[+comp]
3. …a simple but powerful truth—we need each other [+comp]
As the three tables above show, the most dominant sub-system of attitude in the text is appreciation. The second most dominant is the judgement and the least
dominant is the affect. The data in the three tables is converted into the following figure, showing the
network of each of the sub-systems of attitude as they are found in the inaugural address text.
positive hopeful
Disinclination negative
- positive
- Unhappiness
negative restless
positive -
Insecurity negative
fearsome, questing positive
- Affect
Dissatisfaction negative
- positive
- Normality
negative -
positive boldly, will, brave
Tenacity negative
will not positive
able, can Social Esteem
Capacity negative
can’t, positive
- Veracity
negative -
positive must, heroic,
Judgement
Social Sanction Propriety
negative -
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positive triumphed, global, mobile, almost magical, universal,
peaceful, new, free, testament, great, historic, Reaction
negative drifted, fearsome, endlessly, old, new, myriad positive
can be done, not easy, clearly, unmistakable, simple Composition
negative mystery positive
timeless, unrivaled, strongest, instantaneously, profound and powerful, urgent, sacrifice, powerful, ennobled,
deepest, infused Appreciation
Valuation negative weakened, slowly,
Figure 4.2. The Networks of Affect, Judgement, and Appreciation in Clinton’s First Inaugural Address
4.1.2.2. Attitude in Clinton’s second inaugural address Clinton’s second inaugural address was delivered on January 20, 1997. The
following are the tables that show the attitude appraising items in the speech. Because there are no attitude appraising items in the text, there are only two tables for the two
existing sub-systems in the text.
Table 4.7. Judgement in Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address
No Appraising Items
Judgement Appraised
Place
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 - must
- well - must
- cannot - must
- must - cannot,
- will not - shall
- shall - will
- will - can
- must - will
- will - will
- will - will
+prop +cap
+prop -cap
+prop +prop
-cap -ten
+ten +ten
+ten +ten
+cap +prop
+ten +ten
+ten +ten
+ten Americans
the comprehension of American predecessors
American government American government
American government Americans
Americans Americans
Americans Americans
the naturalness of Americas division
rewards Americans
Americans Americans
parents and children Americans
Americans Americans
3 22
24 26
27 29
33 34
35 36
37 38
39 47
48 51
52 53
55
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20 21
22 23
24 25
26 27
- will - will
- will - will
- surely - bickering…
- must - must
+ten +ten
+ten +ten
+ver -prop
+prop +prop
American children America
Americans Americans
American politicians American politicians
America’s life Americans
57 58
61 65
66 66
68 69
The table above shows that there are 27 appraising items of judgement found in the text. The appraising items consist of 14 tenacity, 8 propriety, 4 capacity, and 1
veracity. The most dominant sub-system of judgement in the text is tenacity, examples
of which are below
1. …we will redeem the promise of America [+ten] 2. …we will not succumb to the dark impulses… [-ten]
3. …the people will always speak louder… [+ten]
The next element of judgement is the propriety. Below are the examples.
1. …the politics of petty bickering [+prop] 2. …the journey of our America must go on… [+prop]
3. …we must be strong…[+prop]
Capacity and Veracity are the least existing examples of judgement; they are:
1. …our founders understood that well [+cap] 2. We cannot…succumb to the dark impulses [-cap]
3. …we can already see its broad outlines [+cap] 4. Surely, they did not do this to…[+ver]
Table 4.7. Continued
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Table 4.8. Appreciation in Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address
No Appraising Items
Appreciation Appraised
Place
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26
27 28
29 30
31 32
33 34
35 36
37 38
39 40
41 42
- great good - bright new
- land of new promise - bold
- awful - mightiest…
- great - unrivaled
- free - limitless
- less certain… - clear
- indispensable… - the strongest
- safer - record
- great - not problem
- not the solution - the solution
- strong…flexible… - pre-eminent
- greatest - …curse
- have destroyed - fractured
- rich texture - broad
- mystical - commonplace
- close at hand - no…divided
- growing - remarkable
- awful - prized
- highest - miracles
- mighty - strong
- world’s greatest democracy
- the world’s most +reac
+reac +reac
-reac -reac
+reac +val
+reac +reac
+reac -comp
+val +reac
+reac +reac
+reac neg –reac
neg –reac neg -reac
+reac +val
+reac -reac
-reac -reac
-comp +reac
-comp -val
+reac +reac
+reac +reac
+reac -val
+val +val
+reac +reac
+val +val
+val the fact that Americans live in
prospective time prospects had by Americans at
Clintons time America
Conviction of equality of men slavery
America America’s middle class people
Americas schools Americans
Americans potentials the future in Clinton’s time
the course of America America
America’s economy American street at Clinton’s time
number of jobless-turned-worker Americans
debate over the role of government government
government Americans
American democracy mission of Americas government
Americans responsibility segregation
segregation countries dealing with internal
division the naturalness of Americas
division the outline of new era
internet before Clinton’s time internet at Clinton’s time
cure for terrible diseases the world
connections of commerce 20
th
century bloodshed in 20
th
century education
standard of American schools breakthroughs in Medical field
Americans Americans defense against terror
America America
1 2
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11
12 13
14 15
16 17
18 19
20 21
23 25
28 30
31 32
37 39
40 41
42 43
44 45
46 49
50 54
55 56
58 59
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43 44
45 46
47 48
49 50
51 52
53 productive economy
- great - majestic
- the greatest progress - moved…
- ceaseless - timeless
- great…different - bridge…
- beloved - perfect
- bright flame +reac
+val +val
+reac +reac
+reac -reac
+reac +reac
+comp +reac
American natural resource America land
Americans spirit of equality Martin Luther King’s speech
Americans striving the truth in Bernardin’s words
demands in Clinton’s time Clintons era of presidency
America Americans union
Americans spirit of freedom 60
60 62
63 64
67 70
71 72
73 74
The table above shows that the number of the appraising items belonging in the appreciation is 53 items, consisting of 37 reaction, 12 valuation, and 4
composition. The most dominant sub-system of the appreciation in the text is the reaction.
The following are some of the examples
1. Americans produced a great middle class [+reac] 2. The demands of our time are great…[-reac]
The second most dominant sub-system is the valuation. Below are examples.
1. A nation that fortifies the world’s most productive economy [+val] 2. the greatest progress we made [+val]
3. …and the majestic land [+val]
The least dominant sub-system is the composition, examples of which are as follows.
1. to set a clear course to renew our nation. [+comp] 2. the Internet was a mystical province of physicist…[-comp]
3. …today, it is a commonplace [-comp]
From the two tables above, it can be concluded that there are only two sub- systems found in this text of Clinton’s second inaugural address. The more dominant
Table 4.8. Continued
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sub-system in the inaugural text is the appreciation 53 items and the less dominant is the judgement 27 items. There is not one example of affect found in the text,
which is interesting as it naturally supports the common presumption of the ‘
objective’-ness and the ‘formal’-ness of political speeches. However, a more detailed exposition in the discussion part of this chapter will show that this is not exactly the
case. It is only safe to say that based only on the two tables, the common presumption of the un-emotional-ness of political speeches is seemingly approved.
The data in the three tables above is translated into the following figure, showing the network of each of the sub-systems of attitude as they are found in the
inaugural address text.
positive -
Disinclination negative
- positive
- Unhappiness
negative -
positive -
Insecurity negative
- positive
- Affect
Dissatisfaction negative
- positive
- Normality
negative -
positive will
Tenacity negative
will not positive
well, can, Social Esteem
Capacity negative
cannot, positive
surely Veracity
negative -
positive must,
Judgement
Social Sanction Propriety
negative bickering
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positive great good, bright new, land of new promise, bold,
mightiest, unrivaled, free, limitless, indispensable, the strongest, safer, record, great, not problem, the solution,
pre-eminent, rich texture, commonplace, close at hand, no…divided, growing, remarkable, miracles, mighty,
great, moved, ceaseless, bridge, beloved, bright flame Reaction
negative awful, not the solution, greatest, curse, have…destroyed, great…different,
positive perfect,
Composition negative less certain, fractured, broad,
positive great, clear, strong…flexible, prized, highest, strong,
world’s greatest democracy, the world’s most productive, majestic, the greatest progress,
Appreciation
Valuation negative mystical, awful
Figure 4.3. The Networks of Affect, Judgement, and Appreciation in Clinton’s Second Inaugural Address