Reason for Adopting SLT and the Appraisal Theory Previous Related Researches

2.3. Reason for Adopting SLT and the Appraisal Theory

The title of this part may induce meaning different from what is intended. It is actually meant to say that anybody who uses Martin White’s Appraisal Theory automatically uses SLT. As may have been inferred from the explanation above, SLT is closely related with Appraisal Theory. SLT provides the theoretical basis for Appraisal Theory, i.e the interpersonal metafunction of SLT serves to be the basis of Appraisal Theory. As Martin and White 2005: 7 puts it: As indicated, our model of evaluation evolved within the general theoretical framework of SFL. In the part entitled Situating Appraisal in SFL of their book 2005: 33-34 Martin and White directly point out the location of Appraisal in SFL … we can locate appraisal as an interpersonal system at the level of discourse semantics. At this level it co-articulates interpersonal meaning with two other systems: negotiation and involvement. The quotation above is translated into the figure below Negotiation Involvement Appraisal Solidarity Power Figure 2.4. The place of Appraisal in SFL adopted from Martin White, ibid p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara

2.4. Previous Related Researches

1. Sumarsih 2009 used appraisal theory in her dissertation entitled “ Penggambaran Sikap, Pendirian, dan Penilaian dalam Teks dan Konteks melalui Bahasa Evaluatif”. In the dissertation, she examines evaluative elements in 5 text genres in Indonesian language: fiction, interview texts, scientific texts, newspaper editorials, and news texts. 2. Suriyadi a postgraduate student at University of North Sumatera wrote a brief paper—presented at the Pertemuan Linguistik Utara on March 2-3, 2009 in Medan—on Appraisal Theory which discusses texts presented at the scientific writing seminar at the State Polytechnic Institute of Medan Politeknik Negeri Medan. Both the works of Sumarsih and Suriyadi contribute to the writer’s better understanding on how the Appraisal Theory works on Bahasa Indonesia. 3. A’Beckett wrote a paper 2009 entitled Appraisal in the Russian Press: the Characterisation of the Ukranian Leaders in which she does what she says as “ uncover the means of inviting negative perception of Ukrainian leaders the former President Yuschenko and Prime Minister Timoshenko in the Russian press” page 1. To achieve this, she uses Appraisal Theory for the analysis of evaluative language to analyse texts of Russian newspapers. This paper is especially helpful in understanding how the Appraisal Theory works on newpaper texts to reveal emotional elements in what is commonly regarded as objective news. p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. Page, in her paper 2003 entitled An analysis of APPRAISAL in childbirth narratives with special consideration of gender and storytelling style, examines child-birth narratives while simultaneously using what she termed as ‘consideration of gender and storytelling style’. There are two findings that she mentions in the paper op.cit: 1 that the women and men in this study have subtly differing story-telling styles as indicated by the relative proportion of AFFECT and APPRECIATION found in their narratives…[and that] gender is also important in understanding the speakers’ self characterization as expressed through JUDGMENT. This paper of Ruth’s gives the writer an important view on how sex difference somehow contributes to how a speaker uses appraisalevaluating elements of English. 5. Miller http:www.grammatics.comappraisalmillerDmiller-bush-gore.pdf uses only the Engagement aspect of Appraisal Theory to analyse the decision made by the US Supreme Court on the case of Bush v. Gore 2000 i.e the case of the year 2000’s US presidential election dispute between Bush Junior and Al Gore. Among the interesting things that she found in the research is how the justices in the Supreme Court used Engagement resources to present and strengthen their legal arguments in the debate on the case. 6. Martin, in his article in the Discourse and Society journal entitled Mourning: How We are Aligned, examines appraisal elements in the September 2001 edition of a Hong Kong-based magazine’s editorial entitled Mourning. In it, he shows how the editorial uses appraisal resources to have the readers p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara sympathize with the unfortunate persons told in the editorial, to align the readers with the position and opinion of the writers of the editorial. This paper is one of the important papers on Appraisal Theory in that it is from the expert on the theory that shows how the theory works to uncover people’s attitude through their writing. It therefore contributes to the writing of this thesis in the way that it shows more clearly what the writer meant his theory is and how it should be used. p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1. The Research Framework

This research is done in the framework of a qualitative descriptive research type. Qualitative researches are based on the assumption that reality is the result of interactions between men. Reality is not what is out there in the ‘real world’; reality is what men make out of the so-called the real world. Men use symbols particularly language to interact, to communicate these “reality” or meaning, between them. Therefore to get the meaning of the real world, any researcher is to study these symbols in the environment they are used; and how they are used in the interaction between men. This viewpoint is introduced and maintained by the school of thought in social sciences that is called symbolic interactionists. The leading figures in symbolic interactionists are Dewey, Cooley, Parks, Mead, and particularly Blumer, who is regarded as the founder of this school of thought Berg 2007: 8. This symbolic interactionists’ view corresponds to the nature of this research. The writer seeks to establish the ways the presidents make reality out of ‘the real world’ and how they communicate their realities in their interaction with their audiences using linguistic symbols resources available in English. To do this, the writer uses the Attitude sub-system of Appraisal Theory to analyse appraisal elements in the inaugural speeches and to uncover the realitiesmeaning communicated by the p d f Machine I s a pdf w r it e r t ha t pr oduce s qua lit y PD F file s w it h e a se Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original docum ents. Com patible across nearly all Windows platform s, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now Universitas Sumatera Utara