To define the problem discussed in this thesis, the writer addresses the following questions:
1. What are the Affect elements in the Inaugural Address texts?
2. What are the Judgement elements in the Inaugural Address texts?
3. What are the Appreciation elements in the Inaugural Address texts?
4. How do the attitudinal resources function to convey the messages of the
presidents?
1.4. The Objectives of the Study
In line with the problems, the objectives of the study are: 1.
To describe the Affect elements in the 6 Inaugural Address texts 2.
To describe the Judgement elements in the 6 Inaugural Address texts 3.
To describe the Appreciation elements in the 6 Inaugural Address texts 4.
To describe some of the ways the attitudinal resources function to convey the messages of the presidents.
1.5. The Significance of the Study
Findings of the study are expected to offer both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, findings of the study will promote Appraisal Theory. It
is noted that there has been very few academic writings, articles, books about it in North Sumatra.
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Practically the findings offer description of the nature of political speeches, especially that of American presidents’s inaugural addresses and therefore provide
the information for the future research to be done on this topic using appraisal theory especially the different approach that might be used in the analysis.
1.6. Appraisal Theory Terminology
a. Appraisal Theory: The theory that extends the interpersonal function of
language introduced by Systemic Functional LinguisticsFunctional Grammar. Emerged in the middle of the 90’s, it concerns with roughly the three
interpersonal aspects of texts: Attitude, Engagement, and Graduation. AT claims that the language a person uses describes both his stances towards the
issues he discusses and the person with whom he communicate. b.
Affect: One of the sub-division the other two being Judgement and Appreciation of the Attitude aspects of AT. Affect is about the personal
emotion of the speaker; it is concerned with registering positive and negative feelings of the speaker toward the issue at hand: happy, sad, bored, etc.
c. Attitude: Values by which speakers pass judgements and associate
emotionalaffectual responses with participants and processes. d.
Engagement: along with Attitude and Graduation, engagement is one of the main aspects of AT. It is concerned with how writers convey their point of
view and how they align themselves with respect to the position of others.
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e. Graduation: Values by which 1 speakers graduate raise or lower the
interpersonal impact, force or volume of their utterances, and 2 by which they graduate blur or sharpen the focus of their semantic categorisations.
f. Judgement: appraisal of other’s behaviour. It deals with attitudes towards
behaviour, which we admire or criticise, praise or condemn. g.
Appreciation: evaluation of phenomena. It involves evaluations of semiotic and natural phenomena, according to the ways in which they are valued or not
in a given field. h.
Inaugural Address: addressspeech delivered by a newly elected president of the United States of America in his inauguration ceremony.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
